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Oxygen levels and the regulation of cell adhesion in the nervous system a control point for morphogenesis in development, disease and evolution?

Academic Article
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Overview

authors

  • Crossin, Kathryn

publication date

  • January 2012

journal

  • Cell Adhesion & Migration  Journal

abstract

  • In this article, I discuss the hallmarks of hypoxia in vitro and in vivo and review work showing that many types of stem cell proliferate more robustly in lowered oxygen. I then discuss recent studies showing that alterations in the levels and the types of cell and substrate adhesion molecules are a notable response to reduced O(2) levels in both cultured primary neural stem cells and brain tissues in response to hypoxia in vivo. The ability of O(2) levels to regulate adhesion molecule expression is linked to the Wnt signaling pathway, which can control and be controlled by adhesion events. The ability of O(2) levels to influence cell adhesion also has far-reaching implications for development, ischemic trauma and neural regeneration, as well as for cancer and other diseases. Finally I discuss the possibility that the fluctuations in O(2) levels known to have occurred over evolutionary time could, by influencing adhesion systems, have contributed to early symbiotic events in unicellular organisms and to the emergence of multicellularity. It is not my intention to be exhaustive in these domains, which are far from my own field of study. Rather this article is meant to provoke and stimulate thinking about molecular evolution involving O(2) sensing and signaling during eras of geologic and atmospheric change that might inform modern studies on development and disease.

subject areas

  • Animals
  • Atmosphere
  • Brain Ischemia
  • Cell Adhesion
  • Cell Proliferation
  • Evolution, Molecular
  • Hypoxia, Brain
  • Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1, alpha Subunit
  • Morphogenesis
  • Nervous System
  • Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules
  • Neural Stem Cells
  • Neurogenesis
  • Oxygen
  • Symbiosis
  • Wnt Signaling Pathway
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Research

keywords

  • cell adhesion
  • early earth atmosphere
  • extracellular matrix
  • hypoxia
  • neural stem cells
  • oxygen
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Identity

PubMed Central ID

  • PMC3364138

International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)

  • 1933-6918

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

  • 10.4161/cam.19582

PubMed ID

  • 22647940
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Additional Document Info

start page

  • 49

end page

  • 58

volume

  • 6

issue

  • 1

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