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RNA editing enzyme adenosine deaminase is a restriction factor for controlling measles virus replication that also is required for embryogenesis

Academic Article
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Overview

authors

  • Ward, S. V.
  • George, C. X.
  • Welch, M. J.
  • Liou, L. Y.
  • Hahm, B.
  • Lewicki, H.
  • de la Torre, Juan
  • Samuel, C. E.
  • Oldstone, Michael

publication date

  • January 2011

journal

  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  Journal

abstract

  • Measles virus (MV), a member of the family Paramyxoviridae and an exclusively human pathogen, is among the most infectious viruses. A progressive fatal neurodegenerative complication, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE), occurs during persistent MV infection of the CNS and is associated with biased hypermutations of the viral genome. The observed hypermutations of A-to-G are consistent with conversions catalyzed by the adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR1). To evaluate the role of ADAR1 in MV infection, we selectively disrupted expression of the IFN-inducible p150 ADAR1 isoform and found it caused embryonic lethality at embryo day (E) 11-E12. We therefore generated p150-deficient and WT mouse embryo fibroblast (MEF) cells stably expressing the MV receptor signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM or CD150). The p150(-/-) but not WT MEF cells displayed extensive syncytium formation and cytopathic effect (CPE) following infection with MV, consistent with an anti-MV role of the p150 isoform of ADAR1. MV titers were 3 to 4 log higher in p150(-/-) cells compared with WT cells at 21 h postinfection, and restoration of ADAR1 in p150(-/-) cells prevented MV cytopathology. In contrast to infection with MV, p150 disruption had no effect on vesicular stomatitis virus, reovirus, or lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus replication but protected against CPE resulting from infection with Newcastle disease virus, Sendai virus, canine distemper virus, and influenza A virus. Thus, ADAR1 is a restriction factor in the replication of paramyxoviruses and orthomyxoviruses.

subject areas

  • Adenosine Deaminase
  • Animals
  • Antigens, CD
  • Cell Line
  • DNA Primers
  • Embryonic Development
  • Fluorescent Antibody Technique
  • Gene Knockout Techniques
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred C57BL
  • Mutation
  • Protein Isoforms
  • RNA-Binding Proteins
  • Receptors, Cell Surface
  • Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • SSPE Virus
  • Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
  • Virus Replication
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Identity

PubMed Central ID

  • PMC3017198

International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)

  • 0027-8424

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

  • 10.1073/pnas.1017241108

PubMed ID

  • 21173229
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Additional Document Info

start page

  • 331

end page

  • 336

volume

  • 108

issue

  • 1

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