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What structure and function of avian plasminogen activator and matrix metalloproteinase-2 reveal about their counterpart mammalian enzymes, their regulation and their role in tumor invasion

Academic Article
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Overview

authors

  • Alexander, D. S.
  • Aimes, R. T.
  • Quigley, James

publication date

  • 1996

journal

  • Enzyme and Protein  Journal

abstract

  • Rous sarcoma virus-transformed chick embryo fibroblasts (RSVCEF) constitute a well-characterized model system for oncogenic transformation, matrix degradation, and cancer invasion. As RSVCEF cultures employ both serine protease and metalloprotease cascades in the process of matrix degradation, they have contributed significantly to understanding the nature and regulation of these molecules involved in invasive cell behavior. RSVCEF produce elevated levels of a matrix metalloprotease-2 (MMP-2) whose hemopexin domain differs from mammalian MMP-2. The majority of MMP-2 produced by RSVCEF is present in a TIMP-free form which enhances its activation, catalytic activity and substrate specificity and therefore its matrix-degrading ability. RSVCEFs also exhibit high levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), which is found in active form in their conditioned medium in complete absence of plasminogen. Recombinantly expressed avian uPA is also in active form, while an active-site mutant of the same maintains its zymogen form, indicating the mechanism of activation of chicken uPA is autocatalytic. A domain and sequence comparison between chicken and human uPA attempts to identify motifs potentially responsible for the zymogen instability of avian uPA and its capability to autoactivate.

subject areas

  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Animals
  • Cell Transformation, Viral
  • Cells, Cultured
  • Chick Embryo
  • Enzyme Activation
  • Extracellular Matrix
  • Gelatinases
  • Glycoproteins
  • Humans
  • Matrix Metalloproteinase 2
  • Metalloendopeptidases
  • Mice
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Neoplasm Invasiveness
  • Phenotype
  • Plasminogen Activators
  • Protease Inhibitors
  • Proteins
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2
  • Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinases
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Research

keywords

  • avian uPA
  • human uPA
  • metalloprotease
  • plasminogen activator
  • protease inhibitors
  • proteases
  • regulation
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Identity

International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)

  • 1019-6773

PubMed ID

  • 8796996
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Additional Document Info

start page

  • 38

end page

  • 58

volume

  • 49

issue

  • 1-3

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