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The hypocretins and sleep

Academic Article
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Overview

authors

  • de Lecea, L.
  • Sutcliffe, J. Gregor

publication date

  • November 2005

journal

  • FEBS Journal  Journal

abstract

  • The hypocretins (also called the orexins) are two neuropeptides derived from the same precursor whose expression is restricted to a few thousand neurons of the lateral hypothalamus. Two G-protein coupled receptors for the hypocretins have been identified, and these show different distributions within the central nervous system and differential affinities for the two hypocretins. Hypocretin fibers project throughout the brain, including several areas implicated in regulation of the sleep/wakefulness cycle. Central administration of synthetic hypocretin-1 affects blood pressure, hormone secretion and locomotor activity, and increases wakefulness while suppressing rapid eye movement sleep. Most human patients with narcolepsy have greatly reduced levels of hypocretin peptides in their cerebral spinal fluid and no or barely detectable hypocretin-containing neurons in their hypothalamus. Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the hypocretinergic system integrates homeostatic, metabolic and limbic information and provides a coherent output that results in stability of the states of vigilance.

subject areas

  • Animals
  • Blood Pressure
  • Hormones
  • Humans
  • Hypothalamus
  • Models, Neurological
  • Motor Activity
  • Narcolepsy
  • Neurons
  • Neuropeptides
  • Neurotransmitter Agents
  • Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
  • Sleep
  • Sleep, REM
  • Tissue Distribution
  • Wakefulness
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Research

keywords

  • arousal
  • lateral hypothalamus
  • narcolepsy
  • orexin
  • wakefulness
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Identity

International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)

  • 1742-464X

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

  • 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2005.04981.x

PubMed ID

  • 16279933
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Additional Document Info

start page

  • 5675

end page

  • 5688

volume

  • 272

issue

  • 22

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