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Vaccinia virus utilizes microtubules for movement to the cell surface

Academic Article
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Overview

authors

  • Hollinshead, M.
  • Rodger, G.
  • Van Eijl, H.
  • Law, Mansun
  • Hollinshead, R.
  • Vaux, D. J. T.
  • Smith, G. L.

publication date

  • July 2001

journal

  • Journal of Cell Biology  Journal

abstract

  • Vaccinia virus (VV) egress has been studied using confocal, video, and electron microscopy. Previously, intracellular-enveloped virus (IEV) particles were proposed to induce the polymerization of actin tails, which propel IEV particles to the cell surface. However, data presented support an alternative model in which microtubules transport virions to the cell surface and actin tails form beneath cell-associated enveloped virus (CEV) particles at the cell surface. Thus, VV is unique in using both microtubules and actin filaments for egress. The following data support this proposal. (a) Microscopy detected actin tails at the surface but not the center of cells. (b) VV mutants lacking the A33R, A34R, or A36R proteins are unable to induce actin tail formation but produce CEV and extracellular-enveloped virus. (c) CEV formation is inhibited by nocodazole but not cytochalasin D or 4-amino-5-(4-methylphenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine (PP1). (d) IEV particles tagged with the enhanced green fluorescent protein fused to the VV B5R protein moved inside cells at 60 microm/min. This movement was stop-start, was along defined pathways, and was inhibited reversibly by nocodazole. This velocity was 20-fold greater than VV movement on actin tails and consonant with the rate of movement of organelles along microtubules.

subject areas

  • Actin Cytoskeleton
  • Actins
  • Animals
  • Biological Transport, Active
  • Carrier Proteins
  • Cell Line
  • Cell Membrane
  • Endoribonucleases
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Green Fluorescent Proteins
  • Humans
  • Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins
  • Luminescent Proteins
  • Membrane Glycoproteins
  • Microscopy, Confocal
  • Microscopy, Electron
  • Microscopy, Fluorescence
  • Microscopy, Phase-Contrast
  • Microtubules
  • Nocodazole
  • Phosphoprotein Phosphatases
  • Phosphorylation
  • RNA-Binding Proteins
  • Recombinant Fusion Proteins
  • Time Factors
  • Tyrosine
  • Vaccinia virus
  • Viral Envelope Proteins
  • Viral Structural Proteins
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Research

keywords

  • actin tails
  • confocal and electron microscopy
  • green fluorescent protein
  • microtubules
  • vaccinia virus
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Identity

PubMed Central ID

  • PMC2150758

International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)

  • 0021-9525

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

  • 10.1083/jcb.200104124

PubMed ID

  • 11470826
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Additional Document Info

start page

  • 389

end page

  • 402

volume

  • 154

issue

  • 2

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