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Mechanism of toxicity in rotenone models of parkinson's disease

Academic Article
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Overview

authors

  • Sherer, T. B.
  • Betarbet, R.
  • Testa, C. M.
  • Seo, B. B.
  • Richardson, J. R.
  • Kim, J. H.
  • Miller, G. W.
  • Yagi, Takao
  • Matsuno-Yagi, A.
  • Greenamyre, J. T.

publication date

  • November 2003

journal

  • Journal of Neuroscience  Journal

abstract

  • Exposure of rats to the pesticide and complex I inhibitor rotenone reproduces features of Parkinson's disease, including selective nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration and alpha-synuclein-positive cytoplasmic inclusions (Betarbet et al., 2000; Sherer et al., 2003). Here, we examined mechanisms of rotenone toxicity using three model systems. In SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma cells, rotenone (10 nm to 1 microm) caused dose-dependent ATP depletion, oxidative damage, and death. To determine the molecular site of action of rotenone, cells were transfected with the rotenone-insensitive single-subunit NADH dehydrogenase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (NDI1), which incorporates into the mammalian ETC and acts as a "replacement" for endogenous complex I. In response to rotenone, NDI1-transfected cells did not show mitochondrial impairment, oxidative damage, or death, demonstrating that these effects of rotenone were caused by specific interactions at complex I. Although rotenone caused modest ATP depletion, equivalent ATP loss induced by 2-deoxyglucose was without toxicity, arguing that bioenergetic defects were not responsible for cell death. In contrast, reducing oxidative damage with antioxidants, or by NDI1 transfection, blocked cell death. To determine the relevance of rotenone-induced oxidative damage to dopaminergic neuronal death, we used a chronic midbrain slice culture model. In this system, rotenone caused oxidative damage and dopaminergic neuronal loss, effects blocked by alpha-tocopherol. Finally, brains from rotenone-treated animals demonstrated oxidative damage, most notably in midbrain and olfactory bulb, dopaminergic regions affected by Parkinson's disease. These results, using three models of increasing complexity, demonstrate the involvement of oxidative damage in rotenone toxicity and support the evaluation of antioxidant therapies for Parkinson's disease.

subject areas

  • Adenosine Triphosphate
  • Animals
  • Antioxidants
  • Cell Death
  • Cell Line
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Dopamine
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Electron Transport Complex I
  • Enzyme Inhibitors
  • Humans
  • In Vitro Techniques
  • Mesencephalon
  • Neuroblastoma
  • Neurons
  • Neuroprotective Agents
  • Olfactory Bulb
  • Oxidative Stress
  • Parkinsonian Disorders
  • Rats
  • Rats, Inbred Lew
  • Rotenone
  • Time
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Research

keywords

  • NADH dehydrogenase
  • alpha-tocopherol
  • dopamine
  • mitochondria
  • organotypic
  • oxidative stress
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Identity

International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)

  • 0270-6474

PubMed ID

  • 14645467
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Additional Document Info

start page

  • 10756

end page

  • 10764

volume

  • 23

issue

  • 34

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