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Crystal structure of the il-2 signaling complex: Paradigm for a heterotrimeric cytokine receptor

Academic Article
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Overview

related to degree

  • Debler, Erik Werner, Ph.D. in Biology, Scripps Research 2002 - 2006

authors

  • Stauber, D. J.
  • Debler, Erik Werner
  • Horton, P. A.
  • Smith, K. A.
  • Wilson, Ian

publication date

  • February 2006

journal

  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  Journal

abstract

  • IL-2 is a cytokine that functions as a growth factor and central regulator in the immune system and mediates its effects through ligand-induced hetero-trimerization of the receptor subunits IL-2R alpha, IL-2R beta, and gamma(c). Here, we describe the crystal structure of the trimeric assembly of the human IL-2 receptor ectodomains in complex with IL-2 at 3.0 A resolution. The quaternary structure is consistent with a stepwise assembly from IL-2/IL-2R alpha to IL-2/IL-2R alpha/IL-2R beta to IL-2/IL-2R alpha/IL-2R beta/gamma(c). The IL-2R alpha subunit forms the largest of the three IL-2/IL-2R interfaces, which, together with the high abundance of charge-charge interactions, correlates well with the rapid association rate and high-affinity interaction of IL-2R alpha with IL-2 at the cell surface. Surprisingly, IL-2R alpha makes no contacts with IL-2R beta or gamma(c), and only minor changes are observed in the IL-2 structure in response to receptor binding. These findings support the principal role of IL-2R alpha to deliver IL-2 to the signaling complex and act as regulator of signal transduction. Cooperativity in assembly of the final quaternary complex is easily explained by the extraordinarily extensive set of interfaces found within the fully assembled IL-2 signaling complex, which nearly span the entire length of the IL-2R beta and gamma(c) subunits. Helix A of IL-2 wedges tightly between IL-2R beta and gamma(c) to form a three-way junction that coalesces into a composite binding site for the final gamma(c) recruitment. The IL-2/gamma(c) interface itself exhibits the smallest buried surface and the fewest hydrogen bonds in the complex, which is consistent with its promiscuous use in other cytokine receptor complexes.

subject areas

  • Crystallography
  • Humans
  • Interleukin-2
  • Protein Structure, Quaternary
  • Receptors, Interleukin-2
  • Signal Transduction
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Research

keywords

  • IL-2 receptor
  • common gamma chain
  • cooperativity
  • receptor assembly
  • structure-activity relationship
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Identity

PubMed Central ID

  • PMC1413841

International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)

  • 0027-8424

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

  • 10.1073/pnas.0511161103

PubMed ID

  • 16477002
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Additional Document Info

start page

  • 2788

end page

  • 2793

volume

  • 103

issue

  • 8

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