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Role of the b helix in early folding events in apomyoglobin: Evidence from site-directed mutagenesis for native-like long range interactions

Academic Article
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Overview

authors

  • Nishimura, C.
  • Wright, Peter
  • Dyson, Jane

publication date

  • November 2003

journal

  • Journal of Molecular Biology  Journal

abstract

  • The folding pathways of four mutants in which bulky hydrophobic residues in the B helix of apomyoglobin (ApoMb) are replaced by alanine (I28A, L29A, I30A, and L32A) have been analyzed using equilibrium and kinetic methods employing NMR, CD, fluorescence and mass spectrometry. Hydrogen exchange pulse-labeling followed by mass spectrometry reveals detectable intermediates in the kinetic folding pathways of each of these mutants. Comparison of the quench-flow data analyzed by NMR for the wild-type protein and the mutants showed that the substitutions I28A, L29A and L32A lead to destabilization of the B helix in the burst phase kinetic intermediate, relative to wild-type apomyoglobin. In contrast, the I30A mutation apparently has a slight stabilizing effect on the B helix in the burst phase intermediate; under weak labeling conditions, residues in the C helix region were also relatively stabilized in the mutant compared to the wild-type protein. This suggests that native-like helix B/helix C packing interactions occur in the folding intermediate. The L32A mutant showed significantly lower proton occupancies in the burst phase for several residues in the G helix, specifically F106, I107, E109 and A110, which are in close proximity to L32 in the X-ray structure of myoglobin, providing direct evidence that native-like helix B/helix G contacts are formed in the apomyoglobin burst phase intermediate. The L29A mutation resulted in an increase in burst phase proton occupancies for several residues in the E helix. Since these regions of the B and E helices are not in contact in the native myoglobin structure, these effects suggest the possibility of non-native B/E packing interactions in the kinetic intermediate. The differing effects of these B helix mutations on the apomyoglobin folding process suggests that each side-chain plays a different and important role in forming stable structure in the burst phase intermediate, and points to a role for both native-like and non-native contacts in stabilization of the folding intermediate.

subject areas

  • Apoproteins
  • Circular Dichroism
  • Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
  • Myoglobin
  • Protein Denaturation
  • Protein Folding
  • Protein Structure, Secondary
  • Thermodynamics
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Research

keywords

  • NMR
  • mass spectrometry
  • mutant
  • myoglobin
  • quench-flow hydrogen exchange
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Identity

International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)

  • 0022-2836

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

  • 10.1016/j.jmb.2003.09.042

PubMed ID

  • 14607120
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Additional Document Info

start page

  • 293

end page

  • 307

volume

  • 334

issue

  • 2

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