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Wide cross-species aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase replacement in vivo: yeast cytoplasmic alanine enzyme replaced by human polymyositis serum antigen

Academic Article
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Overview

authors

  • Ripmaster, T. L.
  • Shiba, K.
  • Schimmel, Paul

publication date

  • May 1995

journal

  • Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  Journal

abstract

  • Because of variations in tRNA sequences in evolution, tRNA synthetases either do not acylate their cognate tRNAs from other organisms or execute misacylations which can be deleterious in vivo. We report here the cloning and primary sequence of a 958-aa Saccharomyces cerevisiae alanyl-tRNA synthetase. The enzyme is a close homologue of the human and Escherichia coli enzymes, particularly in the region of the primary structure needed for aminoacylation of RNA duplex substrates based on alanine tRNA acceptor stems with a G3.U70 base pair. An ala1 disrupted allele demonstrated that the gene is essential and that, therefore, ALA1 encodes an enzyme required for cytoplasmic protein synthesis. Growth of cells harboring the ala1 disrupted allele was restored by a cDNA clone encoding human alanyl-tRNA synthetase, which is a serum antigen for many polymyositis-afflicted individuals. The human enzyme in extracts from rescued yeast was detected with autoimmune antibodies from a polymyositis patient. We conclude that, in spite of substantial differences between human and yeast tRNA sequences in evolution, strong conservation of the G3.U70 system of recognition is sufficient to yield accurate aminoacylation in vivo across wide species distances.

subject areas

  • Alleles
  • Amino Acid Sequence
  • Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases
  • Animals
  • Arabidopsis
  • Base Sequence
  • Bombyx
  • Cell Division
  • DNA Primers
  • Escherichia coli
  • Genes, Bacterial
  • Hominidae
  • Humans
  • Leucine-tRNA Ligase
  • Molecular Sequence Data
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae
  • Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
  • Species Specificity
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Research

keywords

  • HETEROLOGOUS AMINOACYLATION
  • RNA DUPLEX SUBSTRATES
  • TRANSFER-RNA RECOGNITION
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Identity

PubMed Central ID

  • PMC41821

International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)

  • 0027-8424

Digital Object Identifier (DOI)

  • 10.1073/pnas.92.11.4932

PubMed ID

  • 7761427
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Additional Document Info

start page

  • 4932

end page

  • 4936

volume

  • 92

issue

  • 11

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