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Schultz, Peter
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Schultz, Peter

President and CEO, Scripps Research; Institute Director, Calibr
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Positions

  • 2015 - President & CEO, Scripps Research
  • 2012 - Institute Director, California Institute for Biomedical Research (Calibr) , Scripps Research
  • 1999 - Scripps Family Chair Professor of Chemistry, Chemistry , Scripps Research
  • 1999 - Faculty Member, Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences , Scripps Research
  • 1999 - Member, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology , Scripps Research
  • 1999 - 2010 Institute Director, Genomics Institute of the Novartis Research Foundation (GNF)
  • 1989 - 1999 Professor, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley
  • 1994 - 1998 Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute , University of California, San Francisco
  • 1985 - 1987 Assistant Professor, Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley
  • 1984 - 1985 Postdoctoral Fellow with Professor Christopher Walsh, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Dr. Peter Schultz aims to combine the tools and principles of chemistry with the molecules and processes of living cells to create molecules with new properties and functions found neither in nature nor in the test tube; by studying the structure and function of the resulting molecules, new insights can be gained into the molecular mechanisms of complex biological and chemical systems.

Schultz's group first reported the observation (simultaneously with Richard Lerner) that antibodies could selectively catalyze chemical reactions. Since that first report, antibodies have been generated that catalyze a large number of reactions, in some cases with rates rivaling enzymes. Characterization of these catalysts is providing new insights into the evolution of binding and catalysis as well as the molecular basis for immunological recognition.

Schultz and Lerner's demonstration that the vast library of antibody molecules of the immune system can be tapped to generate selective catalysts has also helped to usher in a new age in chemistry in which the power of biological and chemical diversity systems are being exploited to control interactions of molecules. Schultz is applying this combinatorial approach to problems ranging from cell biology and drug discovery to materials science. For example, he has developed a new technology for the parallel synthesis, processing and screening of large libraries of solid state inorganic and organic materials (electronic, magnetic, optical and catalytic) for new properties. He is also combining structure-based chemical library design with cell-based screens and genomics tools to identify small molecules with novel biological properties.

Schultz has also pioneered the development of general methods to site-specifically incorporate unnatural amino acids with novel steric and electronic properties into proteins (both in vitro and in vivo) and unnatural bases into DNA (in vitro). This method has effectively expanded the genetic code to include over eighty unnatural amino acids with novel backbone and side chain structures. This technology may provide a new generation of proteins with properties not restricted by the naturally occurring amino acids.

Contact

  • schultz@scripps.edu

Websites

  • Peter Schultz, Ph.D.
  • Schultz Laboratory
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Publications

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    • Iaconelli, J., Ibrahim, L., Chen, E., Hull, M., Schultz, P. G., Bollong, M. J. Small-molecule stimulators of NRF1 transcriptional activity Chembiochem  2020  DOI:10.1002/cbic.201900487  PMID:31596542
    • Dik, D. A., Zhang, N., Chen, J. S., Webb, B., Schultz, P. G. Semisynthesis of a Bacterium with Non-canonical Cell-Wall Cross-Links Journal of the American Chemical Society  2020 142:10910-10913  DOI:10.1021/jacs.0c02956  PMID:32510943
    • Zambaldo, C., Vinogradova, E. V., Qi, X., Iaconelli, J., Suciu, R. M., Koh, M., Senkane, K., Chadwick, S. R., Sanchez, B. B., Chen, J. S., Chatterjee, A. K., Liu, P., et al. 2-Sulfonylpyridines as Tunable, Cysteine-Reactive Electrophiles Journal of the American Chemical Society  2020 142:8972-8979  DOI:10.1021/jacs.0c02721  PMID:32302104
    • Shao, S., Koh, M., Schultz, P. G. Expanding the genetic code of the human hematopoietic system Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2020 117:8845-8849  DOI:10.1073/pnas.1914408117  PMID:32253306  PMCID:PMC7183198
    • Zambaldo, C., Koh, M., Nasertorabi, F., Han, G. W., Chatterjee, A., Stevens, R. C., Schultz, P. G. An orthogonal seryl-tRNA synthetase/tRNA pair for noncanonical amino acid mutagenesis in Escherichia coli! Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry  2020 28  DOI:10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115662  PMID:33069069
    • Chin, E. N., Yu, C. G., Vartabedian, V. F., Jia, Y., Kumar, M., Gamo, A. M., Vernier, W., Ali, S. H., Kissai, M., Lazar, D. C., Nguyen, N., Pereira, L. E., et al. Antitumor activity of a systemic STING-activating non-nucleotide cGAMP mimetic Science  2020 369:993-999  DOI:10.1126/science.abb4255  PMID:32820126
    • Riva, L., Yuan, S. F., Yin, X., Martin-Sancho, L., Matsunaga, N., Pache, L., Burgstaller-Muehlbacher, S., De Jesus, P. D., Teriete, P., Hull, M. V., Chang, M. W., Chan, J. F. W., et al. Discovery of SARS-CoV-2 antiviral drugs through large-scale compound repurposing Nature  2020 586:113-119  DOI:10.1038/s41586-020-2577-1  PMID:32707573
    • Lear, S., Pflimlin, E., Zhou, Z. H., Huang, D., Weng, S., Nguyen-Tran, V., Joseph, S. B., Roller, S., Peterson, S., Li, J., Tremblay, M., Schultz, P. G., et al. Engineering of a Potent, Long-Acting NPY2R Agonist for Combination with a GLP-1R Agonist as a Multi-Hormonal Treatment for Obesity Journal of Medicinal Chemistry  2020 63:9660-9671  DOI:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00740  PMID:32844654
    • Ardestani, A., Li, S., Annamalai, K., Lupse, B., Gerayandi, S., Dobrowolski, A., Yu, S., Zhu, S., Baguley, T. D., Surakattula, M., Oetjen, J., Hauberg-Lotte, L., et al. Neratinib protects pancreatic beta cells in diabetes Nature Communications  2019 10  DOI:10.1038/s41467-019-12880-5  PMID:31676778  PMCID:PMC6825211
    • Mehta, A. P., Ko, Y., Supekova, L., Pestonjamasp, K., Li, J., Schultz, P. G. Toward a synthetic yeast endosymbiont with a minimal genome Journal of the American Chemical Society  2019 141:13799-13802  DOI:10.1021/jacs.9b08290  PMID:31419116
    • Zhang, Y., Fang, C., Wang, R. S. E., Wang, Y., Guo, H., Guo, C., Zhao, L., Li, S., Li, X., Schultz, P. G., Cao, Y. J., Wang, F. A tumor-targeted immune checkpoint blocker Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2019 116:15889-15894  DOI:10.1073/pnas.1905646116  PMID:31332018  PMCID:PMC6689898
    • Koh, M., Cho, H. Y., Yu, C., Choi, S., Lee, K. B., Schultz, P. G. Site-specific incorporation of a dithiolane containing amino acid into proteins Bioconjugate Chemistry  2019 .30:2102-2105  DOI:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.9b00413  PMID:31319026
    • Li, J. C., Nastertorabi, F., Xuan, W., Han, G. W., Stevens, R. C., Schultz, P. G. A single reactive noncanonical amino acid is able to dramatically stabilize protein structure ACS Chemical Biology  2019 14:1150-1153  DOI:10.1021/acschembio.9b00002  PMID:31181898
    • Bakowski, M. A., Shiroodi, R. K., Liu, R., Olejniczak, J., Yang, B., Gagaring, K., Guo, H., White, P. M., Chappell, L., Debec, A., Landmann, F., Dubben, B., et al. Discovery of short-course antiwolbachial quinazolines for elimination of filarial worm infections Science Translational Medicine  2019 11  DOI:10.1126/scitranslmed.aav3523  PMID:31068442
    • Lucki, N. C., Villa, G. R., Vergani, N., Bollong, M. J., Beyer, B. A., Lee, J. W., Anglin, J. L., Spangenberg, S. H., Chin, E. N., Sharma, A., Johnson, K., Sander, P. N., et al. A cell type-selective apoptosis-inducing small molecule for the treatment of brain cancer Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2019 116:6435-6440  DOI:10.1073/pnas.1816626116  PMID:30846550  PMCID:PMC6442583
    • Ahmed, N., De Graaf, J. F., Ahmed, N., Foss, D. V., Delcorde, J., Schultz, P. G., Pezacki, J. P. Visualization of the delivery and release of small RNAs using genetic code expansion and unnatural RNA-binding proteins Bioconjugate Chemistry  2018 29:3982-3986  DOI:10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.8b00649  PMID:30408949
    • Li, J. C., Liu, T., Wang, Y., Mehta, A. P., Schultz, P. G. Enhancing protein stability with genetically encoded noncanonical amino acids Journal of the American Chemical Society  2018 140:15997-16000  DOI:10.1021/jacs.8b07157  PMID:30433771
    • Mehta, A. P., Supekova, L., Chen, J. H., Pestonjamasp, K., Webster, P., Ko, Y., Henderson, S. C., McDermott, G., Supek, F., Schultz, P. G. Engineering yeast endosymbionts as a step toward the evolution of mitochondria Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2018 115:11796-11801  DOI:10.1073/pnas.1813143115  PMID:30373839  PMCID:PMC6243291
    • Bollong, M. J., Lee, G., Coukos, J. S., Yun, H., Zambaldo, C., Chang, J. W., Chin, E. N., Ahmad, I., Chatterjee, A. K., Lairson, L. L., Schultz, P. G., Moellering, R. E. A metabolite-derived protein modification integrates glycolysis with KEAP1-NRF2 signalling Nature  2018 562:600-604  DOI:10.1038/s41586-018-0622-0  PMID:30323285
    • Janes, J., Young, M. E., Chen, E., Rogers, N. H., Burgstaller-Muehlbacher, S., Hughes, L. D., Love, M. S., Hull, M. V., Kuhen, K. L., Woods, A. K., Joseph, S. B., Petrassi, H. M., et al. The ReFRAME library as a comprehensive drug repurposing library and its application to the treatment of cryptosporidiosis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2018 115:10750-10755  DOI:10.1073/pnas.1810137115  PMID:30282735  PMCID:PMC6196526
    • Yao, A., Reed, S. A., Koh, M., Yu, C., Luo, X., Mehta, A. P., Schultz, P. G. Progress toward a reduced phage genetic code Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry  2018 26:5247-5252  DOI:10.1016/j.bmc.2018.03.035  PMID:29609949
    • Mehta, A. P., Wang, Y., Reed, S. A., Supekova, L., Javahishvili, T., Chaput, J. C., Schultz, P. G. Bacterial genome containing chimeric DNA-RNA sequences Journal of the American Chemical Society  2018 140:11464-11473  DOI:10.1021/jacs.8b07046  PMID:30160955
    • Zhong, L., Tran, T., Baguley, T. D., Lee, S. J., Henke, A., To, A., Li, S., Yu, S., Grieco, F. A., Roland, J., Schultz, P. G., Eizirik, D. L., et al. A novel inhibitor of inducible NOS dimerization protects against cytokine-induced rat beta cell dysfunction British Journal of Pharmacology  2018 175:3470-3485  DOI:10.1111/bph.14388  PMID:29888783  PMCID:PMC6086989
    • Crnovcic, I., Gan, F., Yang, D., Dong, L. B., Schultz, P. G., Shen, B. Activities of recombinant human bleomycin hydrolase on bleomycins and engineered analogues revealing new opportunities to overcome bleomycin-induced pulmonary toxicity Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters  2018 28:2670-2674  DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.04.065  PMID:29730026
    • Abdeen, S., Kunkle, T., Salim, N., Ray, A. M., Mammadova, N., Summers, C., Stevens, M., Ambrose, A. J., Park, Y., Schultz, P. G., Horwich, A. L., Hoang, Q. Q., et al. Sulfonamido-2-arylbenzoxazole GroEL/ES inhibitors as potent antibacterials against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Journal of Medicinal Chemistry  2018 61:7345-7357  DOI:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00989  PMID:30060666
    • Zhang, G., Baidin, V., Pahil, K. S., Moison, E., Tomasek, D., Ramadoss, N. S., Chatterjee, A. K., McNamara, C. W., Young, T. S., Schultz, P. G., Meredith, T. C., Kahne, D. Cell-based screen for discovering lipopolysaccharide biogenesis inhibitors Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2018 115:6834-6839  DOI:10.1073/pnas.1804670115  PMID:29735709  PMCID:PMC6042065
    • Wang, J., Schultz, P. G., Johnson, K. A. Mechanistic studies of a small-molecule modulator of SMN2 splicing Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2018 115:E4604-E4612  DOI:10.1073/pnas.1800260115  PMID:29712837  PMCID:PMC5960314
    • Supekova, L., Zambaldo, C., Cho, S., Lim, R., Luo, X., Kazane, S. A., Young, T. S., Schultz, P. G. The genetic incorporation of p-azidomethyl-L-phenylalanine into proteins in yeast Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters  2018 28:1570-1573  DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.03.055  PMID:29625824
    • Yang, P. Y., Zou, H., Lee, C., Muppidi, A., Chao, E., Fu, Q., Luo, X., Wang, D., Schultz, P. G., Shen, W. Stapled, long-acting glucagon-like peptide 2 analog with efficacy in dextran sodium sulfate induced mouse colitis models Journal of Medicinal Chemistry  2018 61:3218-3223  DOI:10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00768  PMID:29528634
    • Young, D. D., Schultz, P. G. Playing with the molecules of life ACS Chemical Biology  2018 13:854-870  DOI:10.1021/acschembio.7b00974  PMID:29345901
    • Gan, F., Liu, R., Wang, F., Schultz, P. G. Functional replacement of histidine in proteins to generate noncanonical amino acid dependent organisms Journal of the American Chemical Society  2018 140:3829-3832  DOI:10.1021/jacs.7b13452  PMID:29509426
    • Xuan, W., Collins, D., Koh, M., Shao, S., Yao, A., Xiao, H., Garner, P., Schultz, P. G. Site-specific incorporation of a thioester containing amino acid into proteins ACS Chemical Biology  2018 13:578-581  DOI:10.1021/acschembio.7b00998  PMID:29360343  PMCID:PMC5856652
    • Du, J., Cao, Y., Liu, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Fu, G., Zhang, Y., Lu, L., Luo, X., Kim, C. H., Schultz, P. G., Wang, F. Engineering bifunctional antibodies with constant region fusion architectures Journal of the American Chemical Society  2017 139:18607-18615  DOI:10.1021/jacs.7b09641  PMID:29186655
    • Bollong, M. J., Pietila, M., Pearson, A. D., Sarkar, T. R., Ahmad, I., Soundararajan, R., Lyssiotis, C. A., Mani, S. A., Schultz, P. G., Lairson, L. L. A vimentin binding small molecule leads to mitotic disruption in mesenchymal cancers Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2017 114:E9903-E9912  DOI:10.1073/pnas.1716009114  PMID:29087350  PMCID:PMC5699095
    • Laborda, E., Mazagova, M., Shao, S., Wang, X., Quirino, H., Woods, A. K., Hampton, E. N., Rodgers, D. T., Kim, C. H., Schultz, P. G., Young, T. S. Development of A chimeric antigen receptor targeting C-type lectin-like molecule-1 for human acute myeloid leukemia International Journal of Molecular Sciences  2017 18  DOI:10.3390/ijms18112259  PMID:29077054  PMCID:PMC5713229
    • Choi, S. H., Mahankali, M., Lee, S. J., Hull, M., Petrassi, H. M., Chatterjee, A. K., Schultz, P. G., Jones, K. A., Shen, W. Targeted disruption of Myc-Max oncoprotein complex by a small molecule ACS Chemical Biology  2017 12:2715-2719  DOI:10.1021/acschembio.7b00799  PMID:28976731
    • Xuan, W., Yao, A., Schultz, P. G. Genetically encoded fluorescent probe for detecting sirtuins in living cells Journal of the American Chemical Society  2017 139:12350-12353  DOI:10.1021/jacs.7b05725  PMID:28857557
    • Zambaldo, C., Luo, X., Mehta, A. P., Schultz, P. G. Recombinant macrocyclic lanthipeptides incorporating non-canonical amino acids Journal of the American Chemical Society  2017 139:11646-11649  DOI:10.1021/jacs.7b04159  PMID:28809560
    • Luo, X., Fu, G., Wang, R. S. E., Zhu, X., Zambaldo, C., Liu, R., Liu, T., Lyu, X., Du, J., Xuan, W., Yao, A., Reed, S. A., et al. Genetically encoding phosphotyrosine and its nonhydrolyzable analog in bacteria Nature Chemical Biology  2017 13:845-849  DOI:10.1038/nchembio.2405  PMID:28604693
    • Xuan, W. M., Schultz, P. G. A strategy for creating organisms dependent on noncanonical amino acids Angewandte Chemie-International Edition  2017 56:9170-9173  DOI:10.1002/anie.201703553  PMID:28593724  PMCID:PMC5580492
    • Lee, S. J., Mahankali, M., Bitar, A., Zou, H., Chao, E., Nguyen, H., Gonzalez, J., Caballero, D., Hull, M., Wang, D., Schultz, P. G., Shen, W. A novel role for RARα agonists as apolipoprotein CIII inhibitors identified from high throughput screening Scientific Reports  2017 7  DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-05163-w
    • Liu, T., Jia, P., Ma, H., Reed, S. A., Luo, X., Larman, H. B., Schultz, P. G. Construction and screening of a lentiviral secretome library Cell Chemical Biology  2017 24:767-771  DOI:10.1016/j.chembiol.2017.05.017  PMID:28602759
    • Bollong, M. J., Yang, B., Vergani, N., Beyer, B. A., Chin, E. N., Zambaldo, C., Wang, D., Chatterjee, A. K., Lairson, L. L., Schultz, P. G. Small molecule-mediated inhibition of myofibroblast transdifferentiation for the treatment of fibrosis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2017 114:4679-4684  DOI:10.1073/pnas.1702750114  PMID:28416697  PMCID:PMC5422806
    • Koh, M., Nasertorabi, F., Han, G. W., Stevens, R. C., Schultz, P. G. Generation of an orthogonal protein-protein interface with a noncanonical amino acid Journal of the American Chemical Society  2017 139:5728-5731  DOI:10.1021/jacs.7b02273  PMID:28413876
    • Xuan, W., Shao, S., Schultz, P. G. Protein crosslinking by genetically encoded noncanonical amino acids with reactive aryl carbamate side chains Angewandte Chemie-International Edition  2017 56:5096-5100  DOI:10.1002/anie.201611841  PMID:28371162
    • Love, M. S., Beasley, F. C., Jumani, R. S., Wright, T. M., Chatterjee, A. K., Huston, C. D., Schultz, P. G., McNamara, C. W. A high-throughput phenotypic screen identifies clofazimine as a potential treatment for cryptosporidiosis PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases  2017 11  DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005373  PMID:28158186  PMCID:PMC5310922
    • Yu, S., Pearson, A. D., Lim, R. K. V., Rodgers, D. T., Li, S., Parker, H. B., Weglarz, M., Hampton, E. N., Bollong, M. J., Shen, J., Zambaldo, C., Wang, D., et al. Targeted delivery of an anti-inflammatory PDE4 inhibitor to immune cells via an antibody-drug conjugate Molecular Therapy  2016 24:2078-2089  DOI:10.1038/mt.2016.175  PMID:27731313  PMCID:PMC5167782
    • Mehta, A. P., Li, H., Reed, S. A., Supekova, L., Javahishvili, T., Schultz, P. G. Replacement of 2 '-deoxycytidine by 2 '-deoxycytidine analogues in the E. coli genome Journal of the American Chemical Society  2016 138:14230-14233  DOI:10.1021/jacs.6b09661  PMID:27762133  PMCID:PMC5134732
    • Liu, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Liu, T., Jia, H., Zou, H., Fu, Q., Zhang, Y., Lu, L., Chao, E., Parker, H., Nguyen-Tran, V., et al. Rational design of dual agonist-antibody fusions as long-acting therapeutic hormones ACS Chemical Biology  2016 11:2991-2995  DOI:10.1021/acschembio.6b00630  PMID:27704775  PMCID:PMC5148668
    • Abdeen, S., Salim, N., Mammadova, N., Summers, C. M., Goldsmith-Pestana, K., McMahon-Pratt, D., Schultz, P. G., Horwich, A. L., Chapman, E., Johnson, S. M. Targeting the HSP60/10 chaperonin systems of Trypanosoma brucei as a strategy for treating African sleeping sickness Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters  2016 26:5247-5253  DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.09.051  PMID:27720295
    • Wang, R. S. E., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Gabrelow, C., Zhang, Y., Chi, V., Fu, Q., Luo, X., Wang, D., Joseph, S., Johnson, K., Chatterjee, A. K., et al. Rational design of a Kv1.3 channel-blocking antibody as a selective immunosuppressant Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2016 113:11501-11506  DOI:10.1073/pnas.1612803113  PMID:27663736  PMCID:PMC5068325
    • Luo, X., Wang, T. S. A., Zhang, Y., Wang, F., Schultz, P. G. Stabilizing protein motifs with a genetically encoded metal-ion chelator Cell Chemical Biology  2016 23:1098-1102  DOI:10.1016/j.chembiol.2016.08.007  PMID:27662253
    • Zhang, Z., English, B. P., Grimm, J. B., Kazane, S. A., Hu, W., Tsai, A., Inouye, C., You, C., Piehler, J., Schultz, P. G., Lavis, L. D., Revyakin, A., et al. Rapid dynamics of general transcription factor TFIIB binding during preinitiation complex assembly revealed by single-molecule analysis Genes & Development  2016 30:2106-2118  DOI:10.1101/gad.285395.116  PMID:27798851  PMCID:PMC5066616
    • Xiao, H., Schultz, P. G. At the interface of chemical and biological synthesis: an expanded genetic code Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology  2016 8  DOI:10.1101/cshperspect.a023945  PMID:27413101
    • Xuan, W., Li, J., Luo, X., Schultz, P. G. Genetic incorporation of a reactive isothiocyanate group into proteins Angewandte Chemie-International Edition  2016 55:10065-10068  DOI:10.1002/anie.201604891  PMID:27418387
    • Abdeen, S., Salim, N., Mammadova, N., Summers, C. M., Frankson, R., Ambrose, A. J., Anderson, G. G., Schultz, P. G., Horwich, A. L., Chapman, E., Johnson, S. M. GroEL/ES inhibitors as potential antibiotics Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters  2016 26:3127-3134  DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.089  PMID:27184767
    • Cao, Y., Rodgers, D. T., Du, J., Ahmad, I., Hampton, E. N., Ma, J. S. Y., Mazagova, M., Choi, S. H., Yun, H. Y., Xiao, H., Yang, P., Luo, X., et al. Design of switchable chimeric antigen receptor T cells targeting breast cancer Angewandte Chemie-International Edition  2016 55:7520-7524  DOI:10.1002/anie.201601902  PMID:27145250
    • Mehta, A. P., Li, H., Reed, S. A., Supekova, L., Javahishvili, T., Schultz, P. G. Replacement of Thymidine by a Modified Base in the Escherichia coli Genome Journal of the American Chemical Society  2016 138:7272-7275  DOI:10.1021/jacs.6b03904  PMID:27213685
    • Lee, T. C., Kim, C. H., Schultz, P. G., Chapman, E., Deniz, A. A., Kang, M. Dual unnatural amino acid incorporation and click-chemistry labeling to enable single-molecule FRET studies of p97 folding ChemBioChem  2016 17:981-984  DOI:10.1002/cbic.201500695  PMID:27115850  PMCID:PMC4904727
    • Liu, T., Wang, Y., Luo, X., Li, J., Reed, S. A., Xiao, H., Young, T. S., Schultz, P. G. Enhancing protein stability with extended disulfide bonds Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2016 113:5910-5915  DOI:10.1073/pnas.1605363113  PMID:27162342  PMCID:PMC4889405
    • Yang, P. Y., Zou, H., Chao, E., Sherwood, L., Nunez, V., Keeney, M., Ghartey-Tagoe, E., Ding, Z., Quirino, H., Luo, X., Welzel, G., Chen, G., et al. Engineering a long-acting, potent GLP-1 analog for microstructure-based transdermal delivery Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2016 113:4140-4145  DOI:10.1073/pnas.1601653113  PMID:27035989  PMCID:PMC4839405
    • Luo, X., Zambaldo, C., Liu, T., Zhang, Y., Xuan, W., Wang, C., Reed, S. A., Yang, P. Y., Wang, R. E., Javahishvili, T., Schultz, P. G., Young, T. S. Recombinant thiopeptides containing noncanonical amino acids Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2016 113:3615-3620  DOI:10.1073/pnas.1602733113  PMID:26976568  PMCID:PMC4822594
    • Muppidi, A., Zou, H., Yang, P. Y., Chao, E., Sherwood, L., Nunez, V., Woods, A. K., Schultz, P. G., Lin, Q., Shen, W. Design of potent and proteolytically stable oxyntomodulin analogs ACS Chemical Biology  2016 11:324-328  DOI:10.1021/acschembio.5b00787  PMID:26727558  PMCID:PMC4861236
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    • Tao, H. Y., Jin, Q. H., Koo, D. I., Liao, X. B., Englund, N. P., Wang, Y., Ramamurthy, A., Schultz, P. G., Dorsch, M., Kelleher, J., Wu, X. Small molecule antagonists in distinct binding modes inhibit drug-resistant mutant of Smoothened Chemistry & Biology  2011 18:432-437  DOI:10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.01.018  PMID:21513879
    • Bouchez, L. C., Boitano, A. E., de Lichtervelde, L., Romeo, R., Cooke, M. P., Schultz, P. G. Small-molecule regulators of human stem cell self-renewal ChemBioChem  2011 12:854-857  DOI:10.1002/cbic.201000734  PMID:21381174
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    • Young, D. D., Young, T. S., Jahnz, M., Ahmad, I., Spraggon, G., Schultz, P. G. An evolved aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase with atypical polysubstrate specificity Biochemistry  2011 50:1894-1900  DOI:10.1021/bi101929e  PMID:21280675  PMCID:PMC3694404
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    • Lee, J. W., Hirota, T., Peters, E. C., Garcia, M., Gonzalez, R., Cho, C. Y., Wu, X., Schultz, P. G., Kay, S. A. A small molecule modulates circadian rhythms through phosphorylation of the period protein Angewandte Chemie-International Edition  2011 50:10608-10611  DOI:10.1002/anie.201103915  PMID:21954091  PMCID:PMC3755734
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    • Gonzalez, R., Lee, J. W., Snyder, E. Y., Schultz, P. G. Dorsomorphin promotes human embryonic stem cell self-renewal Angewandte Chemie-International Edition  2011 50:3439-3441  DOI:10.1002/anie.201005659  PMID:21384475
    • Staerk, J., Lyssiotis, C. A., Medeiro, L. A., Bollong, M., Foreman, R. K., Zhu, S. T., Garcia, M., Gao, Q., Bouchez, L. C., Lairson, L. L., Charette, B. D., Supekova, L. Pan-Src family kinase inhibitors replace Sox2 during the direct reprogramming of somatic cells Angewandte Chemie-International Edition  2011 50:5733-5735  DOI:10.1002/anie.201101042  PMID:21547985  PMCID:PMC3409461
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    • Dubrovska, A., Elliott, J., Salamone, R. J., Kim, S., Aimone, L. J., Walker, J. R., Watson, J., Sauveur-Michel, M., Garcia-Echeverria, C., Cho, C. Y., Reddy, V. A., Schultz, P. G. Combination therapy targeting both tumor-initiating and differentiated cell populations in prostate carcinoma Clinical Cancer Research  2010 16:5692-5702  DOI:10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-10-1601  PMID:21138868
    • Hirota, T., Lee, J. W., Lewis, W. G., Zhang, E. E., Breton, G., Liu, X. Z., Garcia, M., Peters, E. C., Etchegaray, J. P., Traver, D., Schultz, P. G., Kay, S. A. High-throughput chemical screen identifies a novel potent modulator of cellular circadian rhythms and reveals CKIα as a clock regulatory kinase PLoS Biology  2010 8:e1000559  DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.1000559  PMID:21179498  PMCID:PMC3001897
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    • Hu, X. Y. V., Rodrigues, T. M. A., Tao, H. Y., Baker, R. K., Miraglia, L., Orth, A. P., Lyons, G. E., Schultz, P. G., Wu, X. Identification of RING finger protein 4 (RNF4) as a modulator of DNA demethylation through a functional genomics screen Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2010 107:15087-15092  DOI:10.1073/pnas.1009025107  PMID:20696907  PMCID:PMC2930560
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    • Hur, W., Sun, Z., Jiang, T., Mason, D. E., Peters, E. C., Zhang, D. D., Luesch, H., Schultz, P. G., Grays, N. S. A small-molecule inducer of the antioxidant response element Chemistry & Biology  2010 17:537-547  DOI:10.1016/j.chembiol.2010.03.013  PMID:20534351
    • Groff, D., Chen, P. R., Peters, F. B., Schultz, P. G. A genetically encoded ε-N-methyl lysine in mammalian cells ChemBioChem  2010 11:1066-1068  DOI:10.1002/cbic.200900690  PMID:20422671  PMCID:PMC2882943
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    • Supekova, L., Supek, F., Greer, J. E., Schultz, P. G. A single mutation in the first transmembrane domain of yeast COX2 enables its allotopic expression Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2010 107:5047-5052  DOI:10.1073/pnas.1000735107  PMID:20194738  PMCID:PMC2841951
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    • Wang, F., Robbins, S., Guo, J. T., Shen, W. J., Schultz, P. G. Genetic incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins in Mycobacterium tuberculosis PLoS One  2010 5:e9354  DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0009354  PMID:20179771  PMCID:PMC2825273
    • Young, T. S., Ahmad, I., Yin, J. A., Schultz, P. G. An enhanced system for unnatural amino acid mutagenesis in E. coli Journal of Molecular Biology  2010 395:361-374  DOI:10.1016/j.jmb.2009.10.030  PMID:19852970
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    • Groff, D., Wang, F., Jockusch, S., Turro, N. J., Schultz, P. G. A new strategy to photoactivate green fluorescent protein Angewandte Chemie-International Edition  2010 49:7677-7679  DOI:10.1002/anie.201003797  PMID:20836111  PMCID:PMC2953579
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    • Liu, C. C., Schultz, P. G. Adding new chemistries to the genetic code Annual Review of Biochemistry  2010 79:413-444  DOI:10.1146/annurev.biochem.052308.105824  PMID:20307192
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    • Jones, D. H., Cellitti, S. E., Hao, X. S., Zhang, Q., Jahnz, M., Summerer, D., Schultz, P. G., Uno, T., Geierstanger, B. H. Site-specific labeling of proteins with NMR-active unnatural amino acids Journal of Biomolecular NMR  2010 46:89-100  DOI:10.1007/s10858-009-9365-4  PMID:19669620
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    • Jones, C. A., Nishiya, N., London, N. R., Zhu, W. Q., Sorensen, L. K., Chan, A. C., Lim, C. J., Chen, H. Y., Zhang, Q. S., Schultz, P. G., Thomas, K. R., Hayallah, A. M. Slit2-Robo4 signalling promotes vascular stability by blocking Arf6 activity Nature Cell Biology  2009 11:1325-1331  DOI:10.1038/ncb1976  PMID:19855388  PMCID:PMC2854659
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    • Lemke, E. A., Gambin, Y., Vandelinder, V., Brustad, E. M., Liu, H. W., Schultz, P. G., Groisman, A., Deniz, A. A. Microfluidic device for single-molecule experiments with enhanced photostability Journal of the American Chemical Society  2009 131:13610-13612  DOI:10.1021/ja9027023  PMID:19772358  PMCID:PMC2779842
    • Liu, C. C., Choe, H., Farzan, M., Smider, V. V., Schultz, P. G. Mutagenesis and evolution of sulfated antibodies using an expanded genetic code Biochemistry  2009 48:8891-8898  DOI:10.1021/bi9011429  PMID:19715291  PMCID:PMC2891052
    • Lee, H. S., Guo, J. T., Lemke, E. A., Dimla, R. D., Schultz, P. G. Genetic incorporation of a small, environmentally sensitive, fluorescent probe into proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Journal of the American Chemical Society  2009 131:12921-12923  DOI:10.1021/ja904896s  PMID:19702307  PMCID:PMC2873857
    • Wu, X., Schultz, P. G. Synthesis at the interface of chemistry and biology Journal of the American Chemical Society  2009 131:12497-12515  DOI:10.1021/ja9026067  PMID:19689159
    • Mills, J. H., Lee, H. S., Liu, C. C., Wang, J. Y., Schultz, P. G. A genetically encoded direct sensor of antibody-antigen interactions ChemBioChem  2009 10:2162-2164  DOI:10.1002/cbic.200900254  PMID:19672911  PMCID:PMC2891037
    • Lee, H. S., Dimla, R. D., Schultz, P. G. Protein-DNA photo-crosslinking with a genetically encoded benzophenone-containing amino acid Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters  2009 19:5222-5224  DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.07.011  PMID:19643606  PMCID:PMC2873854
    • Liu, C. C., Mack, A. V., Brustad, E. M., Mills, J. H., Groff, D., Smider, V. V., Schultz, P. G. Evolution of proteins with genetically encoded "chemical warheads" Journal of the American Chemical Society  2009 131:9616-9617  DOI:10.1021/ja902985e  PMID:19555063  PMCID:PMC2745334
    • Melancon, C. E., Schultz, P. G. One plasmid selection system for the rapid evolution of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters  2009 19:3845-3847  DOI:10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.04.007  PMID:19398201  PMCID:PMC2714362
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    • Grunewald, J., Hunt, G. S., Dong, L. Q., Niessen, F., Wen, B. G., Tsao, M. L., Perera, R., Kang, M. C., Laffitte, B. A., Azarian, S., Ruf, W., Nasoff, M., et al. Mechanistic studies of the immunochemical termination of self-tolerance with unnatural amino acids Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2009 106:4337-4342  DOI:10.1073/pnas.0900507106  PMID:19246393  PMCID:PMC2657443
    • Wikoff, W. R., Anfora, A. T., Liu, J., Schultz, P. G., Lesley, S. A., Peters, E. C., Siuzdak, G. Metabolomics analysis reveals large effects of gut microflora on mammalian blood metabolites Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2009 106:3698-3703  DOI:10.1073/pnas.0812874106  PMID:19234110  PMCID:PMC2656143
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    • Lee, J., Hong, J. Y., Nam, T. G., Peters, E. C., Orth, A. P., Geierstanger, B. H., Goldfinger, L. E., Ginsberg, M. H., Cho, C. Y., Schultz, P. G. A small molecule inhibitor of α4 integrin-dependent cell migration Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry  2009 17:977-980  DOI:10.1016/j.bmc.2008.02.067  PMID:18329275  PMCID:PMC2951142
    • Dubrovska, A., Kim, S., Salamone, R. J., Walker, J. R., Maira, S. M., Garcia-Echeverria, C., Schultz, P. G., Reddy, V. A. The role of PTEN/Akt/PI3K signaling in the maintenance and viability of prostate cancer stem-like cell populations Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2009 106:268-273  DOI:10.1073/pnas.0810956106  PMID:19116269  PMCID:PMC2629188
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    • Graziano, J. J., Liu, W. S., Perera, R., Geierstanger, B. H., Lesley, S. A., Schultz, P. G. Selecting folded proteins from a library of secondary structural elements Journal of the American Chemical Society  2008 130:176-185  DOI:10.1021/ja074405w  PMID:18067292  PMCID:PMC2714538
    • Supekova, L., Supek, F., Lee, J., Chen, S., Gray, N., Pezacki, J. P., Schlapbach, A., Schultz, P. G. Identification of human kinases involved in hepatitis C virus replication by small interference RNA library screening Journal of Biological Chemistry  2008 283:29-36  DOI:10.1074/jbc.M703988200  PMID:17951261
    • Brustad, E., Bushey, M. L., Lee, J. W., Groff, D., Liu, W., Schultz, P. G. A genetically encoded boronate-containing amino acid Angewandte Chemie-International Edition  2008 47:8220-8223  DOI:10.1002/anie.200803240  PMID:18816552  PMCID:PMC2873848
    • Guo, J. T., Wang, J. Y., Anderson, J. C., Schultz, P. G. Addition of an alpha-hydroxy acid to the genetic code of bacteria Angewandte Chemie-International Edition  2008 47:722-725  DOI:10.1002/anie.200704074  PMID:18069708
    • Guo, J. T., Wang, J. Y., Lee, J. S., Schultz, P. G. Site-specific incorporation of methyl- and acetyl-lysine analogues into recombinant proteins Angewandte Chemie-International Edition  2008 47:6399-6401  DOI:10.1002/anie.200802336  PMID:18624319
    • Tippmann, E. M., Liu, W., Summerer, D., Mack, A. V., Schultz, P. G. A genetically encoded diazirine photocrosslinker in Escherichia coli ChemBioChem  2007 8:2210-2214  DOI:10.1002/cbic.200700460  PMID:18000916
    • Seyedsayamdost, M. R., Xie, J., Chan, C. T. Y., Schultz, P. G., Stubbe, J. Site-specific insertion of 3-aminotyrosine into subunit α2 of E. coli ribonucleotide reductase: direct evidence for involvement of Y(730) and Y(731) in radical propagation Journal of the American Chemical Society  2007 129:15060-15071  DOI:10.1021/ja076043y  PMID:17990884
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    • Lyssiotis, C. A., Walker, J., Wu, C. L., Kondo, T., Schultz, P. G., Wu, X. Inhibition of histone deacetylase activity induces developmental plasticity in oligodendrocyte precursor cells Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2007 104:14982-14987  DOI:10.1073/pnas.0707044104  PMID:17855562  PMCID:PMC1986599
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    • Liu, C. C., Brustad, E., Liu, W. S., Schultz, P. G. Crystal structure of a biosynthetic sulfo-hirudin complexed to thrombin Journal of the American Chemical Society  2007 129:10648-10649  DOI:10.1021/ja0735002  PMID:17685615  PMCID:PMC2530905
    • Matsuda, S., Fillo, J. D., Henry, A. A., Rai, P., Wilkens, S. J., Dwyer, T. J., Geierstanger, B. H., Wemmer, D. E., Schultz, P. G., Spraggon, G., Romesberg, F. E. Efforts toward expansion of the genetic alphabet: structure and replication of unnatural base pairs Journal of the American Chemical Society  2007 129:10466-10473  DOI:10.1021/ja072276d  PMID:17685517  PMCID:PMC2536688
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    • Gumireddy, K., Sun, F. X., Klein-Szanto, A. J., Gibbins, J. M., Gimotty, P. A., Saunders, A. J., Schultz, P. G., Huang, Q. H. In vivo selection for metastasis promoting genes in the mouse Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2007 104:6696-6701  DOI:10.1073/pnas.0701145104  PMID:17420453  PMCID:PMC1871848
    • Liu, Y. X., Kern, J. T., Walker, J. R., Johnson, J. A., Schultz, P. G., Luesch, H. A genomic screen for activators of the antioxidant response element Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2007 104:5205-5210  DOI:10.1073/pnas.0700898104  PMID:17360324  PMCID:PMC1829287
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    • Hong, J. Y., Lee, J., Min, K. H., Walker, J. R., Peters, E. C., Gray, N. S., Cho, C. Y., Schultz, P. G. Identification and characterization of small-molecule inducers of epidermal keratinocyte differentiation ACS Chemical Biology  2007 2:171-175  DOI:10.1021/cb600435t  PMID:17348628
    • Macpherson, L. J., Dubin, A. E., Evans, M. J., Marr, F., Schultz, P. G., Cravatt, B. F., Patapoutian, A. Noxious compounds activate TRPA1 ion channels through covalent modification of cysteines Nature  2007 445:541-545  DOI:10.1038/nature05544  PMID:17237762
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    • Zhang, Q. S., Major, M. B., Takanashi, S., Camp, N. D., Nishiya, N., Peters, E. C., Ginsberg, M. H., Schultz, P. G., Moon, R. T., Ding, S. Small-molecule synergist of the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2007 104:7444-7448  DOI:10.1073/pnas.0702136104  PMID:17460038  PMCID:PMC1863490
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    • Mukherji, M., Brill, L. M., Ficarro, S. B., Hampton, G. M., Schultz, P. G. A phosphoproteomic analysis of the ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase signaling pathways Biochemistry  2006 45:15529-15540  DOI:10.1021/bi060971c  PMID:17176074
    • Chen, S., Do, J. T., Zhang, Q. S., Yao, S. Y., Yan, F., Peters, E. C., Scholer, H. R., Schultz, P. G., Ding, S. Self-renewal of embryonic stem cells by a small molecule Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2006 103:17266-17271  DOI:10.1073/pnas.0608156103  PMID:17088537  PMCID:PMC1859921
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    • Mukherji, M., Bell, R., Supekova, L., Wang, Y., Orth, A. P., Batalov, S., Miraglia, L., Huesken, D., Lange, J., Sahasrabudhe, S., Reinhardt, M., Natt, F. Genome-wide functional analysis of human cell-cycle regulators Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2006 103:14819-14824  DOI:10.1073/pnas.0604320103  PMID:17001007  PMCID:PMC1595435
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    • Berezhna, S. Y., Supekova, L., Supev, F., Schultz, P. G., Deniz, A. A. siRNA in human cells selectively localizes to target RNA sites Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2006 103:7682-7687  DOI:10.1073/pnas.0600148103  PMID:16684885  PMCID:PMC1472505
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    • Collins, C. S., Hong, J. Y., Sapinoso, L., Zhou, Y. Y., Liu, Z., Micklash, K., Schultz, P. G., Hampton, G. M. A small interfering RNA screen for modulators of tumor cell motility identifies MAP4K4 as a promigratory kinase Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2006 103:3775-3780  DOI:10.1073/pnas.0600040103  PMID:16537454  PMCID:PMC1383649
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    • Sagan, S. M., Rouleau, Y., Leggiadro, C., Supekova, L., Schultz, P. G., Su, A. I., Pezacki, J. P. The influence of cholesterol and lipid metabolism on host cell structure and hepatitis C virus replication Biochemistry and Cell Biology-Biochimie Et Biologie Cellulaire  2006 84:67-79  DOI:10.1139/o05-149  PMID:16462891
    • Bose, M., Groff, D., Xie, J. M., Brustad, E., Schultz, P. G. The incorporation of a photoisomerizable amino acid into proteins in E. coli Journal of the American Chemical Society  2006 128:388-389  DOI:10.1021/ja055467u  PMID:16402807
    • Wang, L., Xie, J., Schultz, P. G. Expanding the genetic code Annual Review of Biophysics  2006 35:225-249  DOI:10.1146/annurev.biophys.35.101105.121507
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    • Warashina, M., Min, K. H., Kuwabara, T., Huynh, A., Gage, F. H., Schultz, P. G., Ding, S. A synthetic small molecule that induces neuronal differentiation of adult hippocampal neural progenitor cells Angewandte Chemie-International Edition  2006 45:591-593  DOI:10.1002/anie.200503089  PMID:16323231
    • Lowery, T. J., Garcia, S., Chavez, L., Ruiz, E. J., Wu, T., Brotin, T., Dutasta, J. P., King, D. S., Schultz, P. G., Pines, A., Wemmer, D. E. Optimization of xenon biosensors for detection of protein interactions ChemBioChem  2006 7:65-73  DOI:10.1002/cbic.200500327  PMID:16342304
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    • Willingham, A. T., Orth, A. P., Batalov, S., Peters, E. C., Wen, B. G., Aza-Blanc, P., Hogenesch, J. B., Schultz, P. G. A strategy for probing the function of noncoding RNAs finds a repressor of NFAT Science  2005 309:1570-1573  DOI:10.1126/science.1115901  PMID:16141075
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    • Liu, J., Bang, A. G., Kintner, C., Orth, A. P., Chanda, S. K., Ding, S., Schultz, P. G. Identification of the Wnt signaling activator leucine-rich repeat in flightless interaction protein 2 by a genome-wide functional analysis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2005 102:1927-1932  DOI:10.1073/pnas.0409472102  PMID:15677333  PMCID:PMC548559
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    • Zimmermann, N., Meggers, E., Schultz, P. G. A second-generation copper(II)-mediated metallo-DNA-base pair Bioorganic Chemistry  2004 32:13-25  DOI:10.1016/j.bioorg.2003.09.001  PMID:14700559
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    • Wu, T. Y. H., Schultz, P. G., Ding, S. One-pot two-step microwave-assisted reaction in constructing 4,5-disubstituted pyrazolopyrimidines Organic Letters  2003 5:3587-3590  DOI:10.1021/ol035226w  PMID:14507179
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    • Li, S. Y., Cutler, G., Liu, J. J. J., Hoey, T., Chen, L. B., Schultz, P. G., Liao, J. Y., Ling, X. F. B. A comparative analysis of HGSC and Celera human genome assemblies and gene sets Bioinformatics  2003 19:1597-1605  DOI:10.1093/bioinformatics/btg219  PMID:12967954
    • Anderson, J. C., Schultz, P. G. Adaptation of an orthogonal archaeal leucyl-tRNA and synthetase pair for four-base, amber, and opal suppression Biochemistry  2003 42:9598-9608  DOI:10.1021/bi034550w  PMID:12911301
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    • Wu, T. Y. H., Wagner, K. W., Bursulaya, B., Schultz, P. G., Deveraux, Q. L. Development and characterization of nonpeptidic small molecule inhibitors of the XIAP/caspase-3 interaction Chemistry & Biology  2003 10:759-767  DOI:10.1016/s1074-5521(03)00157-1  PMID:12954335
    • Yin, J., Beuscher, A. E., Andryski, S. E., Stevens, R. C., Schultz, P. G. Structural plasticity and the evolution of antibody affinity and specificity Journal of Molecular Biology  2003 330:651-656  DOI:10.1016/s0022-2836(03)00631-4  PMID:12850137
    • Ding, S., Wu, T. Y. H., Brinker, A., Peters, E. C., Hur, W., Gray, N. S., Schultz, P. G. Synthetic small molecules that control stem cell fate Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2003 100:7632-7637  DOI:10.1073/pnas.0732087100  PMID:12794184  PMCID:PMC164638
    • Zhang, Z. W., Smith, B. A. C., Wang, L., Brock, A., Cho, C., Schultz, P. G. A new strategy for the site-specific modification of proteins in vivo Biochemistry  2003 42:6735-6746  DOI:10.1021/bi0300231  PMID:12779328
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    • Matsuda, S., Henry, A. A., Schultz, P. G., Romesberg, F. E. The effect of minor-groove hydrogen-bond acceptors and donors on the stability and replication of four unnatural base pairs Journal of the American Chemical Society  2003 125:6134-6139  DOI:10.1021/ja034099w  PMID:12785844
    • Liao, J. Y., Schultz, P. G. Three sweet receptor genes are clustered in human chromosome 1 Mammalian Genome  2003 14:291-301  DOI:10.1007/s00335-002-2233-0  PMID:12856281
    • Licht, S. S., Sonnleitner, A., Weiss, S., Schultz, P. G. A rugged energy landscape mechanism for trapping of transmembrane receptors during endocytosis Biochemistry  2003 42:2916-2925  DOI:10.1021/bi026059v  PMID:12627957
    • Liu, H. T., Wang, L., Brock, A., Wong, C. H., Schultz, P. G. A method for the generation of glycoprotein mimetics Journal of the American Chemical Society  2003 125:1702-1703  DOI:10.1021/ja029433n  PMID:12580587
    • Yin, J., Andryski, S. E., Beuscher, A. E., Stevens, R. C., Schultz, P. G. Structural evidence for substrate strain in antibody catalysis Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2003 100:856-861  DOI:10.1073/pnas.0235873100  PMID:12552112  PMCID:PMC298691
    • Mehl, R. A., Anderson, J. C., Santoro, S. W., Wang, L., Martin, A. B., King, D. S., Horn, D. M., Schultz, P. G. Generation of a bacterium with a 21 amino acid genetic code Journal of the American Chemical Society  2003 125:935-939  DOI:10.1021/ja0284153  PMID:12537491
    • Lin, Q., Barbas, C. F., Schultz, P. G. Small-molecule switches for zinc finger transcription factors Journal of the American Chemical Society  2003 125:612-613  DOI:10.1021/ja0248408e  PMID:12526643
    • Salomon, A. R., Ficarro, S. B., Brill, L. M., Brinker, A., Phung, Q. T., Ericson, C., Sauer, K., Brock, A., Horn, D. M., Schultz, P. G., Peters, E. C. Profiling of tyrosine phosphorylation pathways in human cells using mass spectrometry Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2003 100:443-448  DOI:10.1073/pnas.2436191100  PMID:12522270  PMCID:PMC141014
    • Wang, L., Xie, J. M., Deniz, A. A., Schultz, P. G. Unnatural amino acid mutagenesis of green fluorescent protein Journal of Organic Chemistry  2003 68:174-176  DOI:10.1021/jo026570u  PMID:12515477
    • Wang, L., Zhang, Z. W., Brock, A., Schultz, P. G. Addition of the keto functional group to the genetic code of Escherichia coli Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2003 100:56-61  DOI:10.1073/pnas.0234824100  PMID:12518054  PMCID:PMC140882
    • Gildersleeve, J., Varvak, A., Atwell, S., Evans, D., Schultz, P. G. Development of a high-throughput screen for protein catalysts: application to the directed evolution of antibody aldolases Angewandte Chemie-International Edition  2003 42:5971-5973  DOI:10.1002/anie.200352117  PMID:14679545
    • Santoro, S. W., Schultz, P. G. Directed evolution of the substrate specificities of a site-specific recombinase and an aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) Methods in Molecular Biology  2003 230:291-312  DOI:10.1385/1-59259-396-8:291  PMID:12824591
    • Wieland, S. F., Vega, R. G., Muller, R., Evans, C. F., Hilbush, B., Guidotti, L. G., Sutcliffe, J. G., Schultz, P. G., Chisari, F. V. Searching for interferon-induced genes that inhibit hepatitis B virus replication in transgenic mouse hepatocytes Journal of Virology  2003 77:1227-1236  DOI:10.1128/jvi.77.2.1227-1236.2003  PMID:12502840  PMCID:PMC140855
    • Chapman, E., Ding, S., Schultz, P. G., Wong, C. H. A potent and highly selective sulfotransferase inhibitor Journal of the American Chemical Society  2002 124:14524-14525  DOI:10.1021/ja021086u  PMID:12465948
    • Wu, X., Ding, S., Ding, Q., Gray, N. S., Schultz, P. G. A small molecule with osteogenesis-inducing activity in multipotent mesenchymal progenitor cells Journal of the American Chemical Society  2002 124:14520-14521  DOI:10.1021/ja0283908  PMID:12465946
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    • Su, A. I., Pezacki, J. P., Wodicka, L., Brideau, A. D., Supekova, L., Thimme, R., Wieland, S., Bukh, J., Purcell, R. H., Schultz, P. G., Chisari, F. V. Genomic analysis of the host response to hepatitis C virus infection Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2002 99:15669-15674  DOI:10.1073/pnas.202608199  PMID:12441396  PMCID:PMC137774
    • Zimmermann, N., Meggers, E., Schultz, P. G. A novel silver(I)-mediated DNA base pair Journal of the American Chemical Society  2002 124:13684-13685  DOI:10.1021/ja0279951  PMID:12431092
    • Wu, T. Y. H., Schultz, P. G. A versatile linkage strategy for solid-phase synthesis of N,N-dimethyltryptamines and β-carbolines Organic Letters  2002 4:4033-4036  DOI:10.1021/ol026729p  PMID:12423079
    • Chin, J. W., Schultz, P. G. In vivo photocrosslinking with unnatural amino acid mutagenesis ChemBioChem  2002 3:1135-1137  DOI:10.1002/1439-7633(20021104)3:11<1135::aid-cbic1135>3.0.co;2-m  PMID:12404640
    • Santoro, S. W., Wang, L., Herberich, B., King, D. S., Schultz, P. G. An efficient system for the evolution of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase specificity Nature Biotechnology  2002 20:1044-1048  DOI:10.1038/nbt742  PMID:12244330
    • Knockaert, M., Lenormand, P., Gray, N., Schultz, P., Pouyssegur, J., Meijer, L. P42/p44 MAPKs are intracellular targets of the CDK inhibitor purvalanol Oncogene  2002 21:6413-6424  DOI:10.1038/sj.onc.1205908  PMID:12226745
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    • Chang, Y. T., Choi, G., Bae, Y. S., Burdett, M., Moon, H. S., Lee, J. W., Gray, N. S., Schultz, P. G., Meijer, L., Chung, S. K., Choi, K. Y., Suh, P. G., et al. Purine-based inhibitors of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate-3-kinase ChemBioChem  2002 3:897-901  DOI:10.1002/1439-7633(20020902)3:9<897::aid-cbic897>3.0.co;2-b  PMID:12210991
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    • Su, A. I., Guidotti, L. G., Pezacki, J. P., Chisari, F. V., Schultz, P. G. Gene expression during the priming phase of liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2002 99:11181-11186  DOI:10.1073/pnas.122359899  PMID:12177410  PMCID:PMC123230
    • Winssinger, N., Ficarro, S., Schultz, P. G., Harris, J. L. Profiling protein function with small molecule microarrays Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2002 99:11139-11144  DOI:10.1073/pnas.172286899  PMID:12167675  PMCID:PMC123223
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    • Schultz, P. G., Lerner, R. A. Antibody catalysis: completing the circle Nature  2002 418:485-485  DOI:10.1038/418485a  PMID:12152057
    • Li, S. Y., Liao, J. Y., Cutler, G., Hoey, T., Hogenesch, J. B., Cooke, M. P., Schultz, P. G., Ling, X. F. B. Comparative analysis of human genome assemblies reveals genome-level differences Genomics  2002 80:138-139  DOI:10.1006/geno.2002.6824  PMID:12160725
    • Supekova, L., Pezacki, J. P., Su, A. I., Loweth, C. J., Riedl, R., Geierstanger, B., Schultz, P. G., Wemmer, D. E. Genomic effects of polyamide/DNA interactions on mRNA expression Chemistry & Biology  2002 9:821-827  DOI:10.1016/s1074-5521(02)00174-6  PMID:12144926
    • Damoiseaux, R., Schultz, P. G., Johnsson, K. Towards the generation of artificial O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferases: in vitro selection of antibodies with reactive cysteine residues ChemBioChem  2002 3:573-575  DOI:10.1002/1439-7633(20020603)3:6<573::aid-cbic573>3.0.co;2-f  PMID:12325014
    • Xia, G., Chen, L. J., Sera, T., Fa, M., Schultz, P. G., Romesberg, F. E. Directed evolution of novel polymerase activities: mutation of a DNA polymerase into an efficient RNA polymerase Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2002 99:6597-6602  DOI:10.1073/pnas.102577799  PMID:12011423  PMCID:PMC124448
    • Panda, S., Antoch, M. P., Miller, B. H., Su, A. I., Schook, A. B., Straume, M., Schultz, P. G., Kay, S. A., Takahashi, J. S., Hogenesch, J. B. Coordinated transcription of key pathways in the mouse by the circadian clock Cell  2002 109:307-320  DOI:10.1016/s0092-8674(02)00722-5  PMID:12015981
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    • Wang, L., Brock, A., Schultz, P. G. Adding L-3-(2-naphthyl)alanine to the genetic code of E. coli Journal of the American Chemical Society  2002 124:1836-1837  DOI:10.1021/ja012307j  PMID:11866580
    • Chang, Y. T., Choi, J., Ding, S., Prieschl, E. E., Baumruker, T., Lee, J. M., Chung, S. K., Schultz, P. G. The synthesis and biological characterization of a ceramide library Journal of the American Chemical Society  2002 124:1856-1857  DOI:10.1021/ja017576o  PMID:11866590
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    • Pastrnak, M., Schultz, P. G. Phage selection for site-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins in vivo Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry  2001 9:2373-2379  DOI:10.1016/s0968-0896(01)00157-2  PMID:11553478
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    • Mody, M., Cao, Y. X., Cui, Z. Z., Tay, K. Y., Shyong, A., Shimizu, E., Pham, K., Schultz, P., Welsh, D., Tsien, J. Z. Genome-wide gene expression profiles of the developing mouse hippocampus Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2001 98:8862-8867  DOI:10.1073/pnas.141244998  PMID:11438693  PMCID:PMC37526
    • Watanabe, C. M. H., Wolffram, S., Ader, P., Rimbach, G., Packer, L., Maguire, J. J., Schultz, P. G., Gohil, K. The in vivo neuromodulatory effects of the herbal medicine Ginkgo biloba Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2001 98:6577-6580  DOI:10.1073/pnas.111126298  PMID:11381109  PMCID:PMC34395
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    • Wang, L., Brock, A., Herberich, B., Schultz, P. G. Expanding the genetic code of Escherichia coli Science  2001 292:498-500  DOI:10.1126/science.1060077  PMID:11313494
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    • Lu, T., Ting, A. Y., Mainland, J., Jan, L. Y., Schultz, P. G., Yang, J. Probing ion permeation and gating in a K+ channel with backbone mutations in the selectivity filter Nature Neuroscience  2001 4:239-246  DOI:10.1038/85080  PMID:11224539
    • Jiang, C. H., Tsien, J. Z., Schultz, P. G., Hu, Y. H. The effects of aging on gene expression in the hypothalamus and cortex of mice Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2001 98:1930-1934  DOI:10.1073/pnas.98.4.1930  PMID:11172053  PMCID:PMC29359
    • Winssinger, N., Harris, J. L., Backes, B. J., Schultz, P. G. From split-pool libraries to spatially addressable microarrays and its application to functional proteomic profiling Angewandte Chemie-International Edition  2001 40:3152-3155  DOI:10.1002/1521-3773(20010903)40:17<3152::aid-anie3152>3.0.co;2-p
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    • Deniz, A. A., Laurence, T. A., Dahan, M., Chemla, D. S., Schultz, P. G., Weiss, S. Ratiometric single-molecule studies of freely diffusing biomolecules Annual Review of Physical Chemistry  2001 52:233-253  DOI:10.1146/annurev.physchem.52.1.233  PMID:11326065
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    • Simbulan-Rosenthal, C. M., Ly, D. H., Rosenthal, D. S., Konopka, G., Luo, R. B., Wang, Z. Q., Schultz, P. G., Smulson, M. E. Misregulation of gene expression in primary fibroblasts lacking poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2000 97:11274-11279  DOI:10.1073/pnas.200285797  PMID:11016956  PMCID:PMC17190
    • Bishop, A. C., Ubersax, J. A., Petsch, D. T., Matheos, D. P., Gray, N. S., Blethrow, J., Shimizu, E., Tsien, J. Z., Schultz, P. G., Rose, M. D., Wood, J. L., Morgan, D. O., et al. A chemical switch for inhibitor-sensitive alleles of any protein kinase Nature  2000 407:395-401  PMID:11014197
    • Ogawa, A. K., Wu, Y. Q., Berger, M., Schultz, P. G., Romesberg, F. E. Rational design of an unnatural base pair with increased kinetic selectivity Journal of the American Chemical Society  2000 122:8803-8804  DOI:10.1021/ja001450u
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    • Guo, Z. H., Zhou, D. M., Schultz, P. G. Designing small-molecule switches for protein-protein interactions Science  2000 288:2042-2045  DOI:10.1126/science.288.5473.2042  PMID:10856217
    • Knockaert, M., Gray, N., Damiens, E., Chang, Y. T., Grellier, P., Grant, K., Fergusson, D., Mottram, J., Soete, M., Dubremetz, J. F., Le Roch, K., Doerig, C., et al. Intracellular targets of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors: identification by affinity chromatography using immobilised inhibitors Chemistry & Biology  2000 7:411-422  DOI:10.1016/s1074-5521(00)00124-1  PMID:10873834
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    • Deniz, A. A., Laurence, T. A., Beligere, G. S., Dahan, M., Martin, A. B., Chemla, D. S., Dawson, P. E., Schultz, P. G., Weiss, S. Single-molecule protein folding: diffusion fluorescence resonance energy transfer studies of the denaturation of chymotrypsin inhibitor 2 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2000 97:5179-5184  DOI:10.1073/pnas.090104997  PMID:10792044  PMCID:PMC25802
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    • Ly, D. H., Lockhart, D. J., Lerner, R. A., Schultz, P. G. Mitotic misregulation and human aging Science  2000 287:2486-2492  DOI:10.1126/science.287.5462.2486  PMID:10741968
    • Rosania, G. R., Chang, Y. T., Perez, O., Sutherlin, D., Dong, H. L., Lockhart, D. J., Schultz, P. G. Myoseverin, a microtubule-binding molecule with novel cellular effects Nature Biotechnology  2000 18:304-308  PMID:10700146
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    • Armstrong, J. I., Portley, A. R., Chang, Y. T., Nierengarten, D. M., Cook, B. N., Bowman, K. G., Bishop, A., Gray, N. S., Shokat, K. M., Schultz, P. G., Bertozzi, C. R. Discovery of carbohydrate sulfotransferase inhibitors from a kinase-directed library Angewandte Chemie-International Edition  2000 39:1303-1306  DOI:10.1002/(sici)1521-3773(20000403)39:7<1303::aid-anie1303>3.0.co;2-0  PMID:10767039
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    • Yang, P. L., Schultz, P. G. Mutational analysis of the affinity maturation of antibody 48G7 Journal of Molecular Biology  1999 294:1191-1201  DOI:10.1006/jmbi.1999.3197  PMID:10600377
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    • Martin, A. B., Schultz, P. G. Opportunities at the interface of chemistry and biology Trends in Biochemical Sciences  1999 24:M24-M28  DOI:10.1016/s0968-0004(99)01498-x
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    • Ma, L. F., Sweet, E. H., Schultz, P. G. Selective antibody-catalyzed solvolysis of endo-2-norbornyl mesylate Journal of the American Chemical Society  1999 121:10227-10228  DOI:10.1021/ja990896b
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    • Barrett, J. E., Lucero, C. M., Schultz, P. G. A model for hydride transfer in thymidylate synthase based on unnatural amino acid mutagenesis Journal of the American Chemical Society  1999 121:7965-7966  DOI:10.1021/ja991040+
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    • Yao, S., Anex, D. S., Caldwell, W. B., Arnold, D. W., Smith, K. B., Schultz, P. G. SDS capillary gel electrophoresis of proteins in microfabricated channels Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  1999 96:5372-5377  DOI:10.1073/pnas.96.10.5372  PMID:10318890  PMCID:PMC21866
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    • Kanamori, T., Nishikawa, S., Nakai, M., Shin, I., Schultz, P. G., Endo, T. Uncoupling of transfer of the presequence and unfolding of the mature domain in precursor translocation across the mitochondrial outer membrane Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  1999 96:3634-3639  DOI:10.1073/pnas.96.7.3634  PMID:10097089
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    • Loweth, C. J., Caldwell, W. B., Peng, X. G., Alivisatos, A. P., Schultz, P. G. DNA-based assembly of gold nanocrystals Angewandte Chemie-International Edition  1999 38:1808-1812  DOI:10.1002/(sici)1521-3773(19990614)38:12<1808::aid-anie1808>3.3.co;2-3
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    • Romesberg, F. E., Santarsiero, B. D., Spiller, B., Yin, J., Barnes, D., Schultz, P. G., Stevens, R. C. Structural and kinetic evidence for strain in biological catalysis Biochemistry  1998 37:14404-14409  DOI:10.1021/bi981578c  PMID:9772166
    • Isaacs, E. D., Marcus, M., Aeppli, G., Xiang, X. D., Sun, X. D., Schultz, P., Kao, H. K., Cargill, G. S., Haushalter, R. Synchrotron X-ray microbeam diagnostics of combinatorial synthesis Applied Physics Letters  1998 73:1820-1822  DOI:10.1063/1.122293
    • Pedersen, H., Holder, S., Sutherlin, D. P., Schwitter, U., King, D. S., Schultz, P. G. A method for directed evolution and functional cloning of enzymes Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  1998 95:10523-10528  DOI:10.1073/pnas.95.18.10523  PMID:9724736
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    • Takeuchi, I., Chang, H., Gao, C., Schultz, P. G., Xiang, X. D., Sharma, R. P., Downes, M. J., Venkatesan, T. Combinatorial synthesis and evaluation of epitaxial ferroelectric device libraries Applied Physics Letters  1998 73:894-896  DOI:10.1063/1.122030
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    • Driggers, E. M., Liu, C. W., Wemmer, D. E., Schultz, P. G. Structure of the michaelis complex of an efficient antibody acyl transferase determined by transferred nuclear overhauser enhancement spectroscopy Journal of the American Chemical Society  1998 120:7395-7396  DOI:10.1021/ja9813313
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    • Ting, A. Y., Shin, I., Lucero, C., Schultz, P. G. Energetic analysis of an engineered cation-Ï€ interaction in Staphylococcal nuclease Journal of the American Chemical Society  1998 120:7135-7136  DOI:10.1021/ja981520l
    • Ma, L. F., Hsieh-Wilson, L. C., Schultz, P. G. Antibody catalysis of peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerization in the folding of RNase T1 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  1998 95:7251-7256  DOI:10.1073/pnas.95.13.7251  PMID:9636134
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    • Chang, H., Gao, C., Takeuchi, I., Yoo, Y., Wang, J., Schultz, P. G., Xiang, X. D., Sharma, R. P., Downes, M., Venkatesan, T. Combinatorial synthesis and high throughput evaluation of ferroelectric/dielectric thin-film libraries for microwave applications Applied Physics Letters  1998 72:2185-2187  DOI:10.1063/1.121316
    • Schultz, P. G., Xiang, X. D. Combinatorial approaches to materials science Current Opinion in Solid State & Materials Science  1998 3:153-158  DOI:10.1016/s1359-0286(98)80081-8
    • Romesberg, F. E., Spiller, B., Schultz, P. G., Stevens, R. C. Immunological origins of binding and catalysis in a Diels-Alderase antibody Science  1998 279:1929-1933  DOI:10.1126/science.279.5358.1929  PMID:9506942
    • Yu, J., Choi, S. Y., Moon, K. D., Chung, H. H., Youn, H. J., Jeong, S., Park, H., Schultz, P. G. A glycosidase antibody elicited against a chair-like transition state analog by in vitro immunization Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  1998 95:2880-2884  DOI:10.1073/pnas.95.6.2880  PMID:9501184  PMCID:PMC19663
    • Wang, J. S., Yoo, Y., Gao, C., Takeuchi, I., Sun, X. D., Chang, H. Y., Xiang, X. D., Schultz, P. G. Identification of a blue photoluminescent composite material from a combinatorial library Science  1998 279:1712-1714  DOI:10.1126/science.279.5357.1712  PMID:9497288
    • Driggers, E. M., Cho, H. S., Liu, C. W., Katzka, C. P., Braisted, A. C., Ulrich, H. D., Wemmer, D. E., Schultz, P. G. Mechanistic studies of an antibody-catalyzed pericyclic rearrangement Journal of the American Chemical Society  1998 120:1945-1958  DOI:10.1021/ja962933u
    • Thorson, J. S., Shin, I., Chapman, E., Stenberg, G., Mannervik, B., Schultz, P. G. Analysis of the role of the active site tyrosine in human glutathione transferase A1-1 by unnatural amino acid mutagenesis Journal of the American Chemical Society  1998 120:451-452  DOI:10.1021/ja9731682
    • Barrett, J. E., Maltby, D. A., Santi, D. V., Schultz, P. G. Trapping of the C5 methylene intermediate in thymidylate synthase Journal of the American Chemical Society  1998 120:449-450  DOI:10.1021/ja973210t
    • Blackwood, M. E., Rush, T. S., Romesberg, F., Schultz, P. G., Spiro, T. G. Alternative modes of substrate distortion in enzyme and antibody catalyzed ferrochelation reactions Biochemistry  1998 37:779-782  DOI:10.1021/bi972616f  PMID:9457047
    • Ulrich, H. D., Schultz, P. G. Analysis of hapten binding and catalytic determinants in a family of catalytic antibodies Journal of Molecular Biology  1998 275:95-111  DOI:10.1006/jmbi.1997.1445  PMID:9451442
    • Thorson, J. S., Cornish, V. W., Barrett, J. E., Cload, S. T., Yano, T., Schultz, P. G. A biosynthetic approach for the incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins Methods in Molecular Biology  1998 77:43-73  DOI:10.1385/0-89603-397-x:43  PMID:9770661
    • Shin, I. J., Ting, A. Y., Schultz, P. G. Analysis of backbone hydrogen bonding in a beta-turn of Staphylococcal nuclease Journal of the American Chemical Society  1997 119:12667-12668  DOI:10.1021/ja972820q
    • Ulrich, H. D., Moore, F. L., Schultz, P. G. Germline diversity within the mouse igk-v9 gene family Immunogenetics  1997 47:91-95  DOI:10.1007/s002510050331  PMID:9382926
    • Brooks, E. E., Gray, N. S., Joly, A., Kerwar, S. S., Lum, R., Mackman, R. L., Norman, T. C., Rosete, J., Rowe, M., Schow, S. R., Schultz, P. G., Wang, X. B., et al. CVT-313, a specific and potent inhibitor of CDK2 that prevents neointimal proliferation Journal of Biological Chemistry  1997 272:29207-29211  DOI:10.1074/jbc.272.46.29207  PMID:9360999
    • Hall, D. G., Schultz, P. G. Synthesis of diverse ethoxyformacetal oligomers. Toward libraries of metal-coordinating unnatural biopolymers Tetrahedron Letters  1997 38:7825-7828  DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(97)10094-6
    • Sun, X. D., Wang, K. A., Yoo, Y., Wallace-Freedman, W. G., Gao, C., Xiang, X. D., Schultz, P. G. Solution-phase synthesis of luminescent materials libraries Advanced Materials  1997 9:1046-1049  DOI:10.1002/adma.19970091311
    • Yu, J., Choi, S. Y., Lee, S., Yoon, H. J., Jeong, S., Mun, H., Park, H., Schultz, P. G. Antibody-catalysed glycosyl transfer reactions from in vitro immunization Chemical Communications  1997 1957-1958  DOI:10.1039/a704885h
    • Koh, J. T., Cornish, V. W., Schultz, P. G. An experimental approach to evaluating the role of backbone interactions in proteins using unnatural amino acid mutagenesis Biochemistry  1997 36:11314-11322  DOI:10.1021/bi9707685  PMID:9298950
    • Ulrich, H. D., Mundroff, E., Santarsiero, B. D., Driggers, E. M., Stevens, R. C., Schultz, P. G. The interplay between binding energy and catalysis in the evolution of a catalytic antibody Nature  1997 389:271-275  PMID:9305839
    • Liu, D. R., Magliery, T. J., Pasternak, M., Schultz, P. G. Engineering a tRNA and aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase for the site-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins in vivo Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  1997 94:10092-10097  DOI:10.1073/pnas.94.19.10092  PMID:9294168
    • Liu, D. R., Magliery, T. J., Schultz, P. G. Characterization of an 'orthogonal' suppressor tRNA derived from E. coli tRNA2(Gln) Chemistry & Biology  1997 4:685-691  DOI:10.1016/s1074-5521(97)90224-6  PMID:9331409
    • Park, Y. W., Luo, J. K., Schultz, P. G., Kirsch, J. F. Noncoded amino acid replacement probes of the aspartate aminotransferase mechanism Biochemistry  1997 36:10517-10525  DOI:10.1021/bi970298e  PMID:9265632
    • Xiang, X. D., Schultz, P. G. The combinatorial synthesis and evaluation of functional materials Physica C  1997 282:428-430  DOI:10.1016/s0921-4534(97)00297-9
    • Chapman, E., Thorson, J. S., Schultz, P. G. Mutational analysis of backbone hydrogen bonds in Staphylococcal nuclease Journal of the American Chemical Society  1997 119:7151-7152  DOI:10.1021/ja970826+
    • Lu, Y. L., Wei, T., Duewer, F., Lu, Y. Q., Ming, N. B., Schultz, P. G., Xiang, X. D. Nondestructive imaging of dielectric-constant profiles and ferroelectric domains with a scanning-tip microwave near-field microscope Science  1997 276:2004-2006  DOI:10.1126/science.276.5321.2004
    • Wedemayer, G. J., Wang, L. H., Patten, P. A., Schultz, P. G., Stevens, R. C. Crystal structures of the free and liganded form of an esterolytic catalytic antibody Journal of Molecular Biology  1997 268:390-400  DOI:10.1006/jmbi.1997.0974  PMID:9159478
    • Gray, N. S., Kwon, S., Schultz, P. G. Combinatorial synthesis of 2,9-substituted purines Tetrahedron Letters  1997 38:1161-1164  DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(97)00014-2
    • Johnsson, K., Froland, W. A., Schultz, P. G. Overexpression, purification, and characterization of the catalase-peroxidase KatG from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Journal of Biological Chemistry  1997 272:2834-2840  PMID:9006925
    • Kanamori, T., Nishikawa, S. I., Shin, I., Schultz, P. G., Endo, T. Probing the environment along the protein import pathways in yeast mitochondria by site-specific photocrosslinking Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  1997 94:485-490  DOI:10.1073/pnas.94.2.485  PMID:9012810
    • Wedemayer, G. J., Patten, P. A., Wang, L. H., Schultz, P. G., Stevens, R. C. Structural insights into the evolution of an antibody combining site Science  1997 276:1665-1669  DOI:10.1126/science.276.5319.1665  PMID:9180069
    • Peng, X. G., Wilson, T. E., Alivisatos, A. P., Schultz, P. G. Synthesis and isolation of a homodimer of cadmium selenide nanocrystals Angewandte Chemie-International Edition  1997 36:145-147  DOI:10.1002/anie.199701451
    • Cload, S. T., Liu, D. R., Froland, W. A., Schultz, P. G. Development of improved tRNAs for in vitro biosynthesis of proteins containing unnatural amino acids Chemistry & Biology  1996 3:1033-1038  DOI:10.1016/s1074-5521(96)90169-6  PMID:9000011
    • Yoon, S. S., Oei, Y., Sweet, E., Schultz, P. G. An antibody-catalyzed 2,3-elimination reaction Journal of the American Chemical Society  1996 118:11686-11687  DOI:10.1021/ja962257w
    • Bi, Y. Z., Schultz, P. G. Building blocks for peptide and carbamate libraries Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters  1996 6:2299-2300  DOI:10.1016/0960-894x(96)00414-3
    • Cornish, V. W., Hahn, K. M., Schultz, P. G. Site-specific protein modification using a ketone handle Journal of the American Chemical Society  1996 118:8150-8151  DOI:10.1021/ja961216x
    • Alivisatos, A. P., Johnsson, K. P., Peng, X. G., Wilson, T. E., Loweth, C. J., Bruchez, M. P., Schultz, P. G. Organization of 'nanocrystal molecules' using DNA Nature  1996 382:609-611  DOI:10.1038/382609a0  PMID:8757130
    • Norman, T. C., Gray, N. S., Koh, J. T., Schultz, P. G. A structure-based library approach to kinase inhibitors Journal of the American Chemical Society  1996 118:7430-7431  DOI:10.1021/ja9614934
    • Paikoff, S. J., Wilson, T. E., Cho, C. Y., Schultz, P. G. The solid phase synthesis of N-alkylcarbamate oligomers Tetrahedron Letters  1996 37:5653-5656  DOI:10.1016/0040-4039(96)01197-5
    • Conn, M. M., Prudent, J. R., Schultz, P. G. Porphyrin metalation catalyzed by a small RNA molecule Journal of the American Chemical Society  1996 118:7012-7013  DOI:10.1021/ja961249c
    • Kim, J. M., Wilson, T. E., Norman, T. C., Schultz, P. G. Synthesis of a cyclic urea as a nonnatural biopolymer scaffold Tetrahedron Letters  1996 37:5309-5312  DOI:10.1016/0040-4039(96)01101-x
    • Kim, J. M., Bi, Y. Z., Paikoff, S. J., Schultz, P. G. The solid phase synthesis of oligoureas Tetrahedron Letters  1996 37:5305-5308  DOI:10.1016/0040-4039(96)01100-8
    • Flanagan, M. E., Jacobsen, J. R., Sweet, E., Schultz, P. G. Antibody-catalyzed retro-aldol reaction Journal of the American Chemical Society  1996 118:6078-6079  DOI:10.1021/ja954221u
    • Fan, E., Oei, Y., Sweet, E., Uno, T., Schultz, P. G. Antibodies with thiol-S-transferase activity Journal of the American Chemical Society  1996 118:5474-5475  DOI:10.1021/ja9602105
    • Wei, T., Xiang, X. D., WallaceFreedman, W. G., Schultz, P. G. Scanning tip microwave near-field microscope Applied Physics Letters  1996 68:3506-3508  DOI:10.1063/1.115773
    • HsiehWilson, L. C., Schultz, P. G., Stevens, R. C. Insights into antibody catalysis: structure of an oxygenation catalyst at 1.9 Ã… resolution Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  1996 93:5363-5367  DOI:10.1073/pnas.93.11.5363  PMID:8643580
    • Uno, T., Ku, J., Prudent, J. R., Huang, A., Schultz, P. G. An antibody-catalyzed isomerization reaction Journal of the American Chemical Society  1996 118:3811-3817  DOI:10.1021/ja9542449
    • Sera, T., Schultz, P. G. In vivo selection of basic region-leucine zipper proteins with altered DNA-binding specificities Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  1996 93:2920-2925  DOI:10.1073/pnas.93.7.2920  PMID:8610143
    • Ulrich, H. D., Driggers, E. M. G., Schultz, P. G. Antibody catalysis of pericyclic reactions Acta Chemica Scandinavica  1996 50:328-332  DOI:10.3891/acta.chem.scand.50-0328  PMID:8639375
    • Patten, P. A., Gray, N. S., Yang, P. L., Marks, C. B., Wedemayer, G. J., Boniface, J. J., Stevens, R. C., Schultz, P. G. The immunological evolution of catalysis Science  1996 271:1086-1091  DOI:10.1126/science.271.5252.1086  PMID:8599084
    • Liu, D. R., Cload, S. T., Pastor, R. M., Schultz, P. G. Analysis of active site residues in Escherichia coli chorismate mutase by site-directed mutagenesis Journal of the American Chemical Society  1996 118:1789-1790  DOI:10.1021/ja953151o
    • Cload, S. T., Liu, D. R., Pastor, R. M., Schultz, P. G. Mutagenesis study of active site residues in chorismate mutase from Bacillus subtilis Journal of the American Chemical Society  1996 118:1787-1788  DOI:10.1021/ja953152g
    • Driggers, E. M., Schultz, P. G. Catalytic antibodies Antigen Binding Molecules: Antibodies and T-Cell Receptors  1996 49:261-287  DOI:10.1016/s0065-3233(08)60491-x  PMID:8908300
    • Hsieh-Wilson, L. C., Xiang, X. D., Schultz, P. G. Lessons from the immune system: from catalysis to materials science Accounts of Chemical Research  1996 29:164-170  DOI:10.1021/ar950247e
    • Stevens, R. C., HsiehWilson, L. C., Santarsiero, B. D., Wedemayer, G. J., Spiller, B., Wang, L. H., Barnes, D., Ulrich, H. D., Patten, P. A., Romesberg, F. E., Schultz, P. G. Structural studies of catalytic antibodies Israel Journal of Chemistry  1996 36:121-132
    • Ulrich, H. D., Patten, P. A., Yang, P. L., Romesberg, F. E., Schultz, P. G. Expression studies of catalytic antibodies Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  1995 92:11907-11911  DOI:10.1073/pnas.92.25.11907  PMID:8524873
    • Jacobsen, J. R., Schultz, P. G. The scope of antibody catalysis Current Opinion in Structural Biology  1995 5:818-824  DOI:10.1016/0959-440x(95)80016-6  PMID:8749371
    • Briceno, G., Chang, H. Y., Sun, X. D., Schultz, P. G., Xiang, X. D. A class of cobalt oxide magnetoresistance materials discovered with combinatorial synthesis Science  1995 270:273-275  DOI:10.1126/science.270.5234.273
    • Prudent, J. R., Staunton, J., Schultz, P. G. Probing the structural determinants of a catalytic RNA with isomerase activity Journal of the American Chemical Society  1995 117:10145-10146  DOI:10.1021/ja00145a039
    • Schultz, P. G., Lerner, R. A. From molecular diversity to catalysis: lessons from the immune system Science  1995 269:1835-1842  DOI:10.1126/science.7569920  PMID:7569920
    • Thorson, J. S., Chapman, E., Schultz, P. G. Analysis of hydrogen bonding strengths in proteins using unnatural amino acids Journal of the American Chemical Society  1995 117:9361-9362  DOI:10.1021/ja00141a032
    • Cook, S. N., Jack, W. E., Xiong, X. F., Danley, L. E., Ellman, J. A., Schultz, P. G., Noren, C. J. Photochemically initiated protein splicing Angewandte Chemie-International Edition  1995 34:1629-1630  DOI:10.1002/anie.199516291
    • Ku, J., Schultz, P. G. Alternate protein frameworks for molecular recognition Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  1995 92:6552-6556  DOI:10.1073/pnas.92.14.6552  PMID:7604031
    • Xiang, X. D., Sun, X. D., Briceno, G., Lou, Y. L., Wang, K. A., Chang, H. Y., Wallacefreedman, W. G., Chen, S. W., Schultz, P. G. A combinatorial approach to materials discovery Science  1995 268:1738-1740  DOI:10.1126/science.268.5218.1738  PMID:17834993
    • Jacobsen, J. R., Cochran, A. G., Stephans, J. C., King, D. S., Schultz, P. G. Mechanistic studies of antibody-catalyzed pyrimidine dimer photocleavage Journal of the American Chemical Society  1995 117:5453-5461  DOI:10.1021/ja00125a004
    • Johnsson, K., King, D. S., Schultz, P. G. Studies on the mechanism of action of isoniazid and ethionamide in the chemotherapy of tuberculosis Journal of the American Chemical Society  1995 117:5009-5010  DOI:10.1021/ja00122a038
    • Nowak, M. W., Kearney, P. C., Sampson, J. R., Saks, M. E., Labarca, C. G., Silverman, S. K., Zhong, W., Thorson, J. S., Abelson, J. N., Davidson, N., Schultz, P. G., Dougherty, D. A., et al. Nicotinic receptor binding site probed with unnatural amino acid incorporation in intact cells Science  1995 268:439-442  DOI:10.1126/science.7716551  PMID:7716551
    • Muller, W. T., Klein, D. L., Lee, T., Clarke, J., McEuen, P. L., Schultz, P. G. A strategy for the chemical synthesis of nanostructures Science  1995 268:272-273  DOI:10.1126/science.268.5208.272  PMID:17814791
    • Thorson, J. S., Chapman, E., Murphy, E. C., Schultz, P. G., Judice, J. K. Linear free-energy analysis of hydrogen-bonding in proteins Journal of the American Chemical Society  1995 117:1157-1158  DOI:10.1021/ja00108a044
    • Moran, E. J., Wilson, T. E., Cho, C. Y., Cherry, S. R., Schultz, P. G. Novel biopolymers for drug discovery Biopolymers  1995 37:213-219  DOI:10.1002/bip.360370305  PMID:7718743
    • Cornish, V. W., Mendel, D., Schultz, P. G. Probing protein structure and function with an expanded genetic code Angewandte Chemie-International Edition  1995 34:621-633  DOI:10.1002/anie.199506211
    • Mendel, D., Cornish, V. W., Schultz, P. G. Site-directed mutagenesis with an expanded genetic code Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure  1995 24:435-462  DOI:10.1146/annurev.biophys.24.1.435  PMID:7663123
    • Cornish, V. W., Kaplan, M. I., Veenstra, D. L., Kollman, P. A., Schultz, P. G. Stabilizing and destabilizing effects of placing beta-branched amino-acids in protein alpha-helices Biochemistry  1994 33:12022-12031  DOI:10.1021/bi00206a003  PMID:7918421
    • Johnsson, K., Schultz, P. G. Mechanistic studies of the oxidation of isoniazid by the catalase peroxidase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis Journal of the American Chemical Society  1994 116:7425-7426  DOI:10.1021/ja00095a063
    • Cornish, V. W., Schultz, P. G. A new tool for studying protein-structure and function Current Opinion in Structural Biology  1994 4:601-607  DOI:10.1016/s0959-440x(94)90224-0
    • Prudent, J. R., Uno, T., Schultz, P. G. Expanding the scope of RNA catalysis Science  1994 264:1924-1927  PMID:8009223
    • Jacobsen, J. R., Schultz, P. G. Antibody catalysis of peptide-bond formation Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  1994 91:5888-5892  DOI:10.1073/pnas.91.13.5888  PMID:8016084
    • Vanvranken, D. L., Panomitros, D., Schultz, P. G. Catalysis of carbamate hydrolysis by an antibody Tetrahedron Letters  1994 35:3873-3876  DOI:10.1016/s0040-4039(00)76689-5
    • Huang, L. X., Sera, T., Schultz, P. G. A permutational approach toward protein-DNA recognition Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  1994 91:3969-3973  DOI:10.1073/pnas.91.9.3969  PMID:8171021
    • Cornish, V. W., Benson, D. R., Altenbach, C. A., Hideg, K., Hubbell, W. L., Schultz, P. G. Site-specific incorporation of biophysical probes into proteins Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  1994 91:2910-2914  DOI:10.1073/pnas.91.8.2910  PMID:8159678
    • Shokat, K., Uno, T., Schultz, P. G. Mechanistic studies of an antibody-catalyzed elimination reaction Journal of the American Chemical Society  1994 116:2261-2270  DOI:10.1021/ja00085a004
    • Braisted, A. C., Schultz, P. G. An antibody-catalyzed oxy-Cope rearrangement Journal of the American Chemical Society  1994 116:2211-2212  DOI:10.1021/ja00084a098
    • Hsieh, L. C., Stephans, J. C., Schultz, P. G. An efficient antibody-catalyzed oxygenation reaction Journal of the American Chemical Society  1994 116:2167-2168  DOI:10.1021/ja00084a076
    • Campbell, D. A., Gong, B., Kochersperger, L. M., Yonkovich, S., Gallop, M. A., Schultz, P. G. Antibody-catalyzed prodrug activation Journal of the American Chemical Society  1994 116:2165-2166  DOI:10.1021/ja00084a075
    • Uno, T., Gong, B., Schultz, P. G. Stereoselective antibody-catalyzed oxime formation Journal of the American Chemical Society  1994 116:1145-1146  DOI:10.1021/ja00082a052
    • Ku, J., Schultz, P. G. Phage display of catalytically active Staphylococcal nuclease Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry  1994 2:1413-1415  DOI:10.1016/S0968-0896(00)82093-3  PMID:7788304
    • Chung, H., Schultz, P. G. Probing Ras function with unnatural amino acids Chemistry & Biology  1994 1:vi-vii  DOI:10.1016/1074-5521(94)90020-5
    • Yu, J. H., Hsieh, L. C., Kochersperger, L., Yonkovich, S., Stephans, J. C., Gallop, M. A., Schultz, P. G. Progress toward an antibody glycosidase Angewandte Chemie-International Edition  1994 33:339-341  DOI:10.1002/anie.199403391
    • Angeles, T. S., Smith, R. G., Darsley, M. J., Sugasawara, R., Sanchez, R. I., Kenten, J., Schultz, P. G., Martin, M. T. Isoabzymes: structurally and mechanistically similar catalytic antibodies from the same immunization Biochemistry  1993 32:12128-12135  DOI:10.1021/bi00096a025  PMID:8218291
    • Chung, H. H., Benson, D. R., Cornish, V. W., Schultz, P. G. Probing the role of loop 2 in Ras function with unnatural amino acids Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  1993 90:10145-10149  DOI:10.1073/pnas.90.21.10145  PMID:8234268  PMCID:PMC47730
    • Judice, J. K., Gamble, T. R., Murphy, E. C., Devos, A. M., Schultz, P. G. Probing the mechanism of Staphylococcal nuclease with unnatural amino-acids: kinetic and structural studies Science  1993 261:1578-1581  DOI:10.1126/science.8103944  PMID:8103944
    • Cho, C. Y., Moran, E. J., Cherry, S. R., Stephans, J. C., Fodor, S. P. A., Adams, C. L., Sundaram, A., Jacobs, J. W., Schultz, P. G. An unnatural biopolymer Science  1993 261:1303-1305  DOI:10.1126/science.7689747  PMID:7689747
    • Schultz, P. G., Lerner, R. A. Antibody catalysis of difficult chemical transformations Accounts of Chemical Research  1993 26:391-395  DOI:10.1021/ar00032a001
    • Chung, H. H., Benson, D. R., Schultz, P. G. Probing the role of lysine 16 in Ras p(21) protein with unnatural amino acids Journal of the American Chemical Society  1993 115:6414-6415  DOI:10.1021/ja00067a068
    • Mendel, D., Ellman, J., Schultz, P. G. Protein biosynthesis with conformationally restricted amino acids Journal of the American Chemical Society  1993 115:4359-4360  DOI:10.1021/ja00063a063
    • Sarvetnick, N., Gurushanthaiah, D., Han, N. H., Prudent, J., Schultz, P., Lerner, R. Increasing the chemical potential of the germ-line antibody repertoire Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  1993 90:4008-4011  DOI:10.1073/pnas.90.9.4008  PMID:8483917  PMCID:PMC46435
    • Hsieh, L. C., Yonkovich, S., Kochersperger, L., Schultz, P. G. Controlling chemical reactivity with antibodies Science  1993 260:337-339  DOI:10.1126/science.10049109  PMID:10049109
    • Lesley, S. A., Patten, P. A., Schultz, P. G. A genetic approach to the generation of antibodies with enhanced catalytic activities Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  1993 90:1160-1165  DOI:10.1073/pnas.90.4.1160  PMID:8094556
    • Chung, H. H., Benson, D. R., Schultz, P. G. Probing the structure and mechanism of Ras protein with an expanded genetic code Science  1993 259:806-809  DOI:10.1126/science.8430333  PMID:8430333
    • Skerker, P. S., Jacobs, J. W., Clark, D. S., Schultz, P. G. Probing a catalytic antibody active site using spin-labeled haptens Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters  1993 3:285-288  DOI:10.1016/s0960-894x(01)80894-5
    • Ellman, J. A., Volkman, B. F., Mendel, D., Schultz, P. G., Wemmer, D. E. Site-specific isotopic labeling of proteins for NMR studies Journal of the American Chemical Society  1992 114:7959-7961  DOI:10.1021/ja00046a080
    • Uno, T., Schultz, P. G. An antibody-catalyzed dehydration reaction Journal of the American Chemical Society  1992 114:6573-6574  DOI:10.1021/ja00042a055
    • Mendel, D., Ellman, J. A., Chang, Z. Y., Veenstra, D. L., Kollman, P. A., Schultz, P. G. Probing protein stability with unnatural amino acids Science  1992 256:1798-1802  DOI:10.1126/science.1615324  PMID:1615324
    • Oldenburg, K. R., Loganathan, D., Goldstein, I. J., Schultz, P. G., Gallop, M. A. Peptide ligands for a sugar-binding protein isolated from a random peptide library Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  1992 89:5393-5397  DOI:10.1073/pnas.89.12.5393  PMID:1608948
    • Jacobsen, J. R., Prudent, J. R., Kochersperger, L., Yonkovich, S., Schultz, P. G. An efficient antibody-catalyzed aminoacylation reaction Science  1992 256:365-367  DOI:10.1126/science.256.5055.365  PMID:1566082
    • Gong, B., Lesley, S. A., Schultz, P. G. A chromogenic assay for screening large antibody libraries Journal of the American Chemical Society  1992 114:1486-1487  DOI:10.1021/ja00030a056
    • Nakayama, G. R., Schultz, P. G. Stereospecific antibody-catalyzed reduction of an alpha-keto amide Journal of the American Chemical Society  1992 114:780-781  DOI:10.1021/ja00028a066
    • Ellman, J. A., Mendel, D., Schultz, P. G. Site-specific incorporation of novel backbone structures into proteins Science  1992 255:197-200  DOI:10.1126/science.1553546  PMID:1553546
    • Jackson, D. Y., Liang, M. N., Bartlett, P. A., Schultz, P. G. Activation parameters and stereochemistry of an antibody-catalyzed claisen rearrangement Angewandte Chemie-International Edition  1992 31:182-183  DOI:10.1002/anie.199201821
    • Rozsnyai, L. F., Benson, D. R., Fodor, S. P. A., Schultz, P. G. Photolithographic immobilization of biopolymers on solid supports Angewandte Chemie-International Edition  1992 31:759-761  DOI:10.1002/anie.199207591
    • Scanlan, T. S., Prudent, J. R., Schultz, P. G. Antibody-catalyzed hydrolysis of phosphate monoesters Journal of the American Chemical Society  1991 113:9397-9398  DOI:10.1021/ja00024a071
    • Pei, D., Schultz, P. G. Engineering protein specificity: gene manipulation with semisynthetic nucleases Journal of the American Chemical Society  1991 113:9398-9400  DOI:10.1021/ja00024a072
    • Jackson, D. Y., King, D. S., Chmielewski, J., Singh, S., Schultz, P. G. General-approach to the synthesis of short alpha-helical peptides Journal of the American Chemical Society  1991 113:9391-9392  DOI:10.1021/ja00024a067
    • Martin, M. T., Napper, A. D., Schultz, P. G., Rees, A. R. Mechanistic studies of a tyrosine-dependent catalytic antibody Biochemistry  1991 30:9757-9761  DOI:10.1021/bi00104a027  PMID:1911763
    • Pei, D., Ulrich, H. D., Schultz, P. G. A combinatorial approach toward DNA recognition Science  1991 253:1408-1411  DOI:10.1126/science.1716784  PMID:1716784
    • Cochran, A. G., Pham, T., Sugasawara, R., Schultz, P. G. Antibody-catalyzed bimolecular imine formation Journal of the American Chemical Society  1991 113:6670-6672  DOI:10.1021/ja00017a046
    • Scanlon, T. S., Schultz, P. G. Recent advances in catalytic antibodies Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B-Biological Sciences  1991 332:157-164  DOI:10.1098/rstb.1991.0044  PMID:1678534
    • Lerner, R. A., Benkovic, S. J., Schultz, P. G. At the crossroads of chemistry and immunology: catalytic antibodies Science  1991 252:659-667  DOI:10.1126/science.2024118  PMID:2024118
    • Chmielewski, J., Schultz, P. Monoclonal antibodies with sequence specific affinity for a stem-loop structure in DNA Tetrahedron  1991 47:2563-2572  DOI:10.1016/s0040-4020(01)81789-0
    • Robertson, S. A., Ellman, J. A., Schultz, P. G. A general and efficient route for chemical aminoacylation of transfer RNAs Journal of the American Chemical Society  1991 113:2722-2729  DOI:10.1021/ja00007a055
    • Mendel, D., Ellman, J. A., Schultz, P. G. Construction of a light-activated protein by unnatural amino acid mutagenesis Journal of the American Chemical Society  1991 113:2758-2760  DOI:10.1021/ja00007a063
    • Jackson, D. Y., Schultz, P. G. An antibody-catalyzed cis trans isomerization reaction Journal of the American Chemical Society  1991 113:2319-2321  DOI:10.1021/ja00006a070
    • Shokat, K. M., Schultz, P. G. Redirecting the immune response: ligand-mediated immunogenicity Journal of the American Chemical Society  1991 113:1861-1862  DOI:10.1021/ja00005a077
    • Jackson, D. Y., Prudent, J. R., Baldwin, E. P., Schultz, P. G. A mutagenesis study of a catalytic antibody Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  1991 88:58-62  DOI:10.1073/pnas.88.1.58  PMID:1898778
    • Nakayama, G. R., Schultz, P. G. Approaches to the design of semisynthetic metal-dependent catalytic antibodies Ciba Foundation Symposia  1991 159:72-90  PMID:1959454
    • Ellman, J., Mendel, D., Anthony-Cahill, S., Noren, C. J., Schultz, P. G. Biosynthetic method for introducing unnatural amino acids site-specifically into proteins Methods in Enzymology  1991 202:301-336  DOI:10.1016/0076-6879(91)02017-4  PMID:1784180
    • Shokat, K. M., Schultz, P. G. Catalytic antibodies Methods in Enzymology  1991 203:327-351  DOI:10.1016/0076-6879(91)03019-d  PMID:1762563
    • Martin, M. T., Schantz, A. R., Schultz, P. G., Rees, A. R. Characterization of the mechanism of action of a catalytic antibody Ciba Foundation Symposia  1991 159:188-200  PMID:1959447
    • Shokat, K. M., Schultz, P. G. The generation of antibody combining sites containing catalytic residues Ciba Foundation Symposia  1991 159:118-144  PMID:1959444
    • Cochran, A. G., Schultz, P. G. Peroxidase activity of an antibody heme complex Journal of the American Chemical Society  1990 112:9414-9415  DOI:10.1021/ja00181a065
    • Pei, D. H., Corey, D. R., Schultz, P. G. Site-specific cleavage of duplex DNA by a semisynthetic nuclease via triple-helix formation Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  1990 87:9858-9862  DOI:10.1073/pnas.87.24.9858  PMID:2124705  PMCID:PMC55273
    • Braisted, A. C., Schultz, P. G. An antibody-catalyzed bimolecular Diels-Alder reaction Journal of the American Chemical Society  1990 112:7430-7431  DOI:10.1021/ja00176a073
    • Cochran, A. G., Schultz, P. G. Antibody-catalyzed porphyrin metalation Science  1990 249:781-783  DOI:10.1126/science.2389144  PMID:2389144
    • Schultz, P. G., Lerner, R. A., Benkovic, S. J. Catalytic antibodies Chemical & Engineering News  1990 68:26-40  DOI:10.1021/cen-v068n022.p026
    • Pei, D., Schultz, P. G. Site-specific cleavage of duplex DNA with a lambda-repressor Staphylococcal nuclease hybrid Journal of the American Chemical Society  1990 112:4579-4580  DOI:10.1021/ja00167a085
    • Hoyer, D., Cho, H., Schultz, P. G. A new strategy for selective protein cleavage Journal of the American Chemical Society  1990 112:3249-3250  DOI:10.1021/ja00164a076
    • Noren, C. J., Anthony-Cahill, S. J., Suich, D. J., Noren, K. A., Griffith, M. C., Schultz, P. G. In vitro suppression of an amber mutation by a chemically aminoacylated transfer RNA prepared by runoff transcription Nucleic Acids Research  1990 18:83-88  DOI:10.1093/nar/18.1.83  PMID:2308838  PMCID:PMC330206
    • Shokat, K. M., Schultz, P. G. Catalytic antibodies Annual Review of Immunology  1990 8:335-363  DOI:10.1146/annurev.immunol.8.1.335  PMID:2188666
    • Shokat, K. M., Ko, M. K., Scanlan, T. S., Kochersperger, L., Yonkovich, S., Thaisrivongs, S., Schultz, P. G. Catalytic antibodies: a new class of transition-state analogues used to elicit hydrolytic antibodies Angewandte Chemie-International Edition  1990 29:1296-1303  DOI:10.1002/anie.199012961
    • Robertson, S. A., Noren, C. J., Anthony-Cahill, S. J., Griffith, M. C., Schultz, P. G. The use of 5'-phospho-2 deoxyribocytidylylriboadenosine as a facile route to chemical aminoacylation of transfer-RNA Nucleic Acids Research  1989 17:9649-9660  DOI:10.1093/nar/17.23.9649  PMID:2602139
    • Corey, D. R., Pei, D., Schultz, P. G. Sequence-selective hydrolysis of duplex DNA by an oligonucleotide-directed nuclease Journal of the American Chemical Society  1989 111:8523-8525  DOI:10.1021/ja00204a038
    • Corey, D. R., Pei, D., Schultz, P. G. Generation of a catalytic sequence-specific hybrid DNase Biochemistry  1989 28:8277-8286  DOI:10.1021/bi00447a004  PMID:2605184
    • Schultz, P. G. Catalytic antibodies Angewandte Chemie-International Edition  1989 28:1283-1295  DOI:10.1002/anie.198912833
    • Baldwin, E., Schultz, P. G. Generation of a catalytic antibody by site-directed mutagenesis Science  1989 245:1104-1107  DOI:10.1126/science.2672338  PMID:2672338
    • Schultz, P. G. Catalytic antibodies Accounts of Chemical Research  1989 22:287-294  DOI:10.1021/ar00164a005
    • Pollack, S. J., Hsiun, P., Schultz, P. G. Stereospecific hydrolysis of alkyl esters by antibodies Journal of the American Chemical Society  1989 111:5961-5962  DOI:10.1021/ja00197a078
    • Saha, A. K., Schultz, P., Rapoport, H. 1,1'-carbonylbis(3-methylimidazolium) triflate: an efficient reagent for aminoacylations Journal of the American Chemical Society  1989 111:4856-4859  DOI:10.1021/ja00195a043
    • Noren, C. J., Anthony-Cahill, S. J., Griffith, M. C., Schultz, P. G. A general method for site-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins Science  1989 244:182-188  DOI:10.1126/science.2649980  PMID:2649980
    • Shokat, K. M., Leumann, C. J., Sugasawara, R., Schultz, P. G. A new strategy for the generation of catalytic antibodies Nature  1989 338:269-271  DOI:10.1038/338269a0  PMID:2922053
    • Corey, D. R., Schultz, P. G. Introduction of a metal-dependent regulatory switch into an enzyme Journal of Biological Chemistry  1989 264:3666-3669  PMID:2917969
    • Pollack, S. J., Schultz, P. G. A semisynthetic catalytic antibody Journal of the American Chemical Society  1989 111:1929-1931  DOI:10.1021/ja00187a085
    • Zuckermann, R. N., Schultz, P. G. Site-selective cleavage of structured RNA by a Staphylococcal nuclease DNA hybrid Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  1989 86:1766-1770  DOI:10.1073/pnas.86.6.1766  PMID:2467291
    • Pollack, S. J., Nakayama, G. R., Schultz, P. G. Design of catalytic antibodies Methods in Enzymology  1989 178:551-568  PMID:2601630
    • Anthony-Cahill, S. J., Griffith, M. C., Noren, C. J., Suich, D. J., Schultz, P. G. Site-specific mutagenesis with unnatural amino acids Trends in Biochemical Sciences  1989 14:400-403  DOI:10.1016/0968-0004(89)90287-9  PMID:2683258
    • Durfor, C. N., Bolin, R. J., Sugasawara, R. J., Massey, R. J., Jacobs, J. W., Schultz, P. G. Antibody catalysis in reverse micelles Journal of the American Chemical Society  1988 110:8713-8714  DOI:10.1021/ja00234a032
    • Pollack, S. J., Nakayama, G. R., Schultz, P. G. Introduction of nucleophiles and spectroscopic probes into antibody combining sites Science  1988 242:1038-1040  DOI:10.1126/science.3194752  PMID:3194752
    • Cochran, A. G., Sugasawara, R., Schultz, P. G. Photosensitized cleavage of a thymine dimer by an antibody Journal of the American Chemical Society  1988 110:7888-7890  DOI:10.1021/ja00231a056
    • Zuckermann, R. N., Schultz, P. G. A hybrid sequence-selective ribonuclease S Journal of the American Chemical Society  1988 110:6592-6594  DOI:10.1021/ja00227a066
    • Jackson, D. Y., Jacobs, J. W., Sugasawara, R., Reich, S. H., Bartlett, P. A., Schultz, P. G. An antibody-catalyzed Claisen rearrangement Journal of the American Chemical Society  1988 110:4841-4842  DOI:10.1021/ja00222a060
    • Schultz, P. G. The interplay between chemistry and biology in the design of enzymatic catalysts Science  1988 240:426-433  DOI:10.1126/science.2833815  PMID:2833815
    • Zuckermann, R. N., Corey, D. R., Schultz, P. G. Site-selective cleavage of RNA by a hybrid enzyme Journal of the American Chemical Society  1988 110:1614-1615  DOI:10.1021/ja00213a040
    • Shokat, K. M., Leumann, C. J., Sugasawara, R., Schultz, P. G. An antibody-mediated redox reaction Angewandte Chemie-International Edition  1988 27:1172-1174  DOI:10.1002/anie.198811721
    • Corey, D. R., Schultz, P. G. Generation of a hybrid sequence-specific single-stranded deoxyribonuclease Science  1987 238:1401-1403  DOI:10.1126/science.3685986  PMID:3685986
    • Zuckermann, R., Corey, D., Schultz, P. Efficient methods for attachment of thiol specific probes to the 3'-ends of synthetic oligodeoxyribonucleotides Nucleic Acids Research  1987 15:5305-5321  DOI:10.1093/nar/15.13.5305  PMID:3601673
    • Jacobs, J., Schultz, P. G., Sugasawara, R., Powell, M. Catalytic antibodies Journal of the American Chemical Society  1987 109:2174-2176  DOI:10.1021/ja00241a042
    • Pollack, S. J., Schultz, P. G. Antibody catalysis by transition-state stabilization Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology  1987 52:97-104  DOI:10.1101/SQB.1987.052.01.014  PMID:3454301
    • Pollack, S. J., Jacobs, J. W., Schultz, P. G. Selective chemical catalysis by an antibody Science  1986 234:1570-1573  DOI:10.1126/science.3787262  PMID:3787262
    • Schultz, P. G., Au, K. G., Walsh, C. T. Directed mutagenesis of the redox-active disulfide in the flavoenzyme mercuric ion reductase Biochemistry  1985 24:6840-6848  DOI:10.1021/bi00345a016  PMID:3907703
    • Taylor, J. S., Schultz, P. G., Dervan, P. B. DNA affinity cleaving : sequence specific cleavage of DNA by distamycin-EDTA - Fe(II) and EDTA-distamycin Fe(II) Tetrahedron  1984 40:457-465  DOI:10.1016/0040-4020(84)85050-4
    • Schultz, P. G., Dervan, P. B. Distamycin and penta-N-methylpyrrolecarboxamide binding sites on native DNA. A comparison of methidiumpropyl-EDTA-Fe(II) footprinting and DNA affinity cleaving Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics  1984 1:1133-1147  DOI:10.1080/07391102.1984.10507508  PMID:6101078
    • Schultz, P. G., Dervan, P. B. Sequence-specific double-strand cleavage of DNA by bis(EDTA-distamycin.Fe(II) ) and EDTA-bis(distamycin).Fe(II) Journal of the American Chemical Society  1983 105:7748-7750  DOI:10.1021/ja00364a049
    • Schultz, P. G., Dervan, P. B. Sequence-specific double-strand cleavage of DNA by penta-N-methylpyrrolecarboxamide-EDTA.Fe(II) Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America-Biological Sciences  1983 80:6834-6837  DOI:10.1073/pnas.80.22.6834  PMID:6417654
    • Schultz, P. G., Taylor, J. S., Dervan, P. B. Design and synthesis of a sequence-specific DNA cleaving molecule. (Distamycin-EDTA)iron(II) Journal of the American Chemical Society  1982 104:6861-6863  DOI:10.1021/ja00388a101
    • Hinsberg, W. D., Schultz, P. G., Dervan, P. B. Direct studies of 1,1-diazenes. Syntheses, infrared and electronic spectra, and kinetics of the thermal decomposition of N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)nitrene and N-(2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidyl)nitrene Journal of the American Chemical Society  1982 104:766-773  DOI:10.1021/ja00367a020
    • Schultz, P. G., Dervan, P. B. Photochemistry of 1,1-diazenes. Direct and sensitized photolyses of N-(2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidyl)nitrene, dl-N-(2,5-diethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrrolidyl)nitrene, and N-(2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidyl)nitrene Journal of the American Chemical Society  1982 104:6660-6668  DOI:10.1021/ja00388a031
    • Schultz, P. G., Dervan, P. B. Photochemistry of a 1,1-diazene, N-(2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidinyl)nitrene Journal of the American Chemical Society  1981 103:1563-1564  DOI:10.1021/ja00396a048
    • Schultz, P. G., Dervan, P. B. Synthesis and direct spectroscopic observation of N-(2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidyl)nitrene: comparison of 5-membered and 6-membered cyclic 1,1-dialkyldiazenes Journal of the American Chemical Society  1980 102:878-880  DOI:10.1021/ja00522a090

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Research

research overview

  • Biological Chemistry

    Our research program combines the tools and principles of chemistry with the molecules and processes of living cells to synthesize new molecules and molecular assemblies with novel physical, chemical and biological functions. By studying the structure and function of the resulting molecules, new insights can be gained into the mechanisms of complex biological and chemical systems. Active research projects span the interface of biology, chemistry, and materials science, and include:

    • the development and application of methods for adding new building blocks to the genetic codes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms

    • the application of molecular diversity to problems in biological structure, recognition and catalysis, drug discovery, and materials science

    • chemical and genomics studies of stem cell biology, oncogenesis and orphan/neglected diseases

    • generation and characterization of catalytic antibodies

keywords

  • metabolomics
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Teaching

advisees

  • graduate advising relationship

    • Shao, Sida, Ph.D.  candidate, 2014 -
    • Warner, Elliot, Ph.D.  candidate, 2019 -
    • Ahmad, Insha, Ph.D.  candidate, 2016 - 2019
    • Li, Jack, Ph.D.  candidate, 2014 - 2019
    • Yao, Anzhi, Ph.D.  candidate, 2015 - 2019
    • Bollong, Michael Joseph, Ph.D.  candidate, 2011 - 2016
    • Luo, Xiaozhou, Ph.D.  candidate, 2011 - 2016
    • Wold, Erik, Ph.D.  candidate, 2010 - 2015
    • Xiao, Han, Ph.D.  candidate, 2011 - 2015
    • Deshmukh, Vishal, Ph.D.  candidate, 2010 - 2014
    • Kang, Mingchao, Ph.D.  candidate, 2009 - 2013
    • Sun, Sophie Biyu, Ph.D.  candidate, 2009 - 2013
    • Axup, Jun Yin, Ph.D.  candidate, 2009 - 2013
    • Kazane, Stephanie Ann, Ph.D.  candidate, 2008 - 2012
    • Peters, Frank, Ph.D.  candidate, 2007 - 2012
    • de Lichtervelde, Lorenzo, Ph.D.  candidate, 2008 - 2012
    • Dambacher, Corey, Ph.D.  candidate, 2007 - 2011
    • Koo, Dong-In, Ph.D.  candidate, 2007 - 2011
    • Kuo, Tun-Hsun, Ph.D.  candidate, 2007 - 2011
    • Lyssiotis, Costas A, Ph.D.  candidate, 2006 - 2010
    • Mills, Jeremy, Ph.D.  candidate, 2003 - 2010
    • Young, Travis Scott, Ph.D.  candidate, 2006 - 2010
    • Groff, Dan, Ph.D.  candidate, 2004 - 2009
    • Hur, Wooyoung, Ph.D.  candidate, 2004 - 2009
    • Lee, Hyun Soo, Ph.D.  candidate, 2006 - 2009
    • Liu, Chang Chun, Ph.D.  candidate, 2006 - 2009
    • Brustad, Eric, Ph.D.  candidate, 2003 - 2008
    • Grbic, Jovana J, Ph.D.  candidate, 2003 - 2007
    • Chen, Shuibing, Ph.D.  candidate, 2003 - 2006
    • Graziano, James, Ph.D.  candidate, 2000 - 2006
    • Melnick, Jonathan, Ph.D.  candidate, 2002 - 2006
    • Xie, Jianming, Ph.D.  candidate, 2002 - 2006
    • Wu, Xu, Ph.D.  candidate, 2002 - 2004
    • Anderson, John Christopher, Ph.D.  candidate, 1999 - 2003
    • Ding, Sheng, Ph.D.  candidate, 2000 - 2003
    • Wu, Tom, Ph.D.  candidate, 2001 - 2003
    • Su, Andrew, Ph.D.  candidate, 1999 - 2002
  • postdoc or fellow advising relationship

    • Wu, Xu, Ph.D.  candidate, 2006 - 2011
    • Turner, James McKay, Ph.D.  candidate, 2003 - 2006
    • Hong, Jiyong, Ph.D.  candidate, 2003 - 2005
    • Santoro, Stephen, Ph.D.  candidate, 1999 - 2003
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Background

education and training

  • Ph.D. in Chemistry, California Institute of Technology , with Professor Peter Dervan 1984
  • B.S. in Chemistry, California Institute of Technology , summa cum laude 1979

awards and honors

  • Tetrahedron Prize for Creativity in Organic Chemistry, conferred by Elsevier Science Publishers, 2019
  • Heinrich Wieland Laureate, conferred by Boehringer Ingelheim Foundation, 2016
  • The Laureate Chemistry for the Future Solvay Prize, 2013
  • Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, conferred by American Academy of Arts & Sciences, 2013
  • ACS Arthur C. Cope Award, 2006
  • Paul Ehrlich and Ludwig Darmstaedter Award, 2002
  • ACS Alfred Bader Award in Bioorganic Chemistry, 2000
  • honorary doctorate from the Faculty of Science and Technology at Uppsala University, Sweden, 1995
  • Wolf Prize in Chemistry, 1994
  • Member (National Academy of Sciences), conferred by National Academy of Sciences, 1993
  • Protein Science Young Investigator Award from the Protein Society, 1992
  • UC Berkeley College of Chemistry Teaching Award, 1992
  • Eli Lilly Award in Biological Chemistry, 1991
  • ACS Award in Pure Chemistry, 1990
  • NSF Alan T. Waterman Award, 1988
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Contact

full name

  • Peter G. Schultz

geographic location

  • Scripps California 
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Identity

ORCID iD

  • ORCID iD http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3188-1202

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