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Reddy, Vijay
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Reddy, Vijay

Faculty Member
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Positions

  • 2018 - Associate Professor of Integrative Virology, Integrative Structural and Computational Biology (ISCB) , Scripps Research
  • 2005 - Faculty Member, Skaggs Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences , Scripps Research
  • 2013 - 2018 Associate Professor, Integrative Structural and Computational Biology (ISCB) , Scripps Research
  • 1995 - 2012 Associate Professor, Molecular Biology , Scripps Research
  • 1995 - 1996 Postdoctoral Fellow with Dr. Jack Johnson, Molecular Biology , Scripps Research

Contact

  • reddyv@scripps.edu

Websites

  • Vijay Reddy, Ph.D.
  • Reddy Laboratory
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Publications

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  • academic article

    • Chakravarty, A., Reddy, V. S., Rao, A. L. N. Unravelling the stability and capsid dynamics of the three virions of brome mosaic virus assembled autonomously in vivo Journal of Virology  2020 94  DOI:10.1128/jvi.01794-19  PMID:31996436  PMCID:PMC7108849
    • Elias, R. D., Ma, W., Ghirlando, R., Schwieters, C. D., Reddy, V. S., Deshmukh, L. Proline-rich domain of human ALIX contains multiple TSG101-UEV interaction sites and forms phosphorylation-mediated reversible amyloids Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2020 117:24274-24284  DOI:10.1073/pnas.2010635117  PMID:32917811  PMCID:PMC7533887
    • Natchiar, S. K., Venkataraman, S., Mullen, T. M., Nemerow, G. R., Reddy, V. S. Revised crystal structure of human adenovirus reveals the limits on protein IX quasi-equivalence and on analyzing large macromolecular complexes Journal of Molecular Biology  2018 430:4132-4141  DOI:10.1016/j.jmb.2018.08.011  PMID:30121295
    • Matteson, N. L., Barry, M. A., Reddy, V. S. Structure-based assessment of protein-protein interactions and accessibility of protein IX in adenoviruses with implications for antigen display Virology  2018 516:102-107  DOI:10.1016/j.virol.2018.01.007  PMID:29331865
    • Ho, P. T., Reddy, V. S. Rapid increase of near atomic resolution virus capsid structures determined by cryo-electron microscopy Journal of Structural Biology  2018 201:1-4  DOI:10.1016/j.jsb.2017.10.007  PMID:29080674
    • Ho, P. T., Montiel-Garcia, D. J., Wong, J. J., Carrillo-Tripp, M., Brooks, C. L., Johnson, J. E., Reddy, V. S. VIPERdb: A tool for virus research Annual Review of Virology  2018 5:477-488  DOI:10.1146/annurev-virology-092917-043405  PMID:30265627
    • Wagner, C., Reddy, V., Asturias, F., Khoshouei, M., Johnson Jr, J. E., Manrique, P., Munson-McGee, J., Baumeister, W., Lawrence, C. M., Young, M. J. Isolation and characterization of metallosphaera turreted icosahedral virus, a founding member of a new family of archaeal viruses Journal of Virology  2017 91:e00925-17  DOI:10.1128/jvi.00925-17  PMID:28768871  PMCID:PMC5625487
    • Reddy, V. S. The role of hexon protein as a molecular mold in patterning the protein IX organization in human adenoviruses Journal of Molecular Biology  2017 429:2747-2751  DOI:10.1016/j.jmb.2017.06.025  PMID:28728980  PMCID:PMC5572314
    • Yu, X., Veesler, D., Campbell, M. G., Barry, M. E., Asturias, F. J., Barry, M. A., Reddy, V. S. Cryo-EM structure of human adenovirus D26 reveals the conservation of structural organization among human adenoviruses Science Advances  2017 3  DOI:10.1126/sciadv.1602670  PMID:28508067
    • Snijder, J., Borst, A. J., Dosey, A., Walls, A. C., Burrell, A., Reddy, V. S., Kollman, J. M., Veesler, D. Vitrification after multiple rounds of sample application and blotting improves particle density on cryo-electron microscopy grids Journal of Structural Biology  2017 198:38-42  DOI:10.1016/j.jsb.2017.02.008  PMID:28254381  PMCID:PMC5400742
    • Montiel-Garcia, D. J., Mannige, R. V., Reddy, V. S., Carrillo-Tripp, M. Structure based sequence analysis of viral and cellular protein assemblies Journal of Structural Biology  2016 196:299-308  DOI:10.1016/j.jsb.2016.07.013  PMID:27480508
    • Huynh, N. T., Hesketh, E. L., Saxena, P., Meshcheriakova, Y., Ku, Y. C., Hoang, L. T., Johnson Jr., J. E., Ranson, N. A., Lomonossoff, G. P., Reddy, V. S. Crystal structure and proteomics analysis of empty virus-like particles of cowpea mosaic virus Structure  2016 24:567-575  DOI:10.1016/j.str.2016.02.011  PMID:27021160  PMCID:PMC4828962
    • Reddy, V. S. Application of the phase extension method in virus crystallography Crystallography Reviews  2016 22:128-140  DOI:10.1080/0889311x.2015.1065489
    • Carrillo-Tripp, M., Montiel-Garcia, D. J., Brooks III, C. L., Reddy, V. S. CapsidMaps: protein-protein interaction pattern discovery platform for the structural analysis of virus capsids using Google Maps Journal of Structural Biology  2015 190:47-55  DOI:10.1016/j.jsb.2015.02.003  PMID:25697908  PMCID:PMC4750372
    • Berman, H. M., Gabanyi, M. J., Groom, C. R., Johnson Jr., J. E., Murshudov, G. N., Nicholls, R. A., Reddy, V., Schwede, T., Zimmerman, M. D., Westbrook, J., Minor, W. Data to knowledge: how to get meaning from your result IUCrJ  2015 2:45-58  DOI:10.1107/s2052252514023306  PMID:25610627
    • Reddy, V. S., Nemerow, G. R. Reply to Campos: Revised structures of adenovirus cement proteins represent a consensus model for understanding virus assembly and disassembly Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2014 111:E4544-E4545  DOI:10.1073/pnas.1417014111  PMID:25304639  PMCID:PMC4217467
    • Reddy, V. S., Nemerow, G. R. Structures and organization of adenovirus cement proteins provide insights into the role of capsid maturation in virus entry and infection Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2014 111:11715-11720  DOI:10.1073/pnas.1408462111  PMID:25071205  PMCID:PMC4136627
    • Snijder, J., Benevento, M., Moyer, C. L., Reddy, V., Nemerow, G. R., Heck, A. J. R. The cleaved N-terminus of pVI binds peripentonal hexons in mature adenovirus Journal of Molecular Biology  2014 426:1971-1979  DOI:10.1016/j.jmb.2014.02.022  PMID:24613303  PMCID:PMC4057896
    • Benevento, M., Di Palma, S., Snijder, J., Moyer, C. L., Reddy, V. S., Nemerow, G. R., Heck, A. J. R. Adenovirus composition, proteolysis, and disassembly studied by in-depth qualitative and quantitative proteomics Journal of Biological Chemistry  2014 289:11421-11430  DOI:10.1074/jbc.M113.537498  PMID:24591515  PMCID:PMC4036278
    • Snijder, J., Reddy, V. S., May, E. R., Roos, W. H., Nemerow, G. R., Wuite, G. J. L. Integrin and defensin modulate the mechanical properties of adenovirus Journal of Virology  2013 87:2756-2766  DOI:10.1128/jvi.02516-12  PMID:23269786  PMCID:PMC3571403
    • Nemerow, G. R., Stewart, P. L., Reddy, V. S. Structure of human adenovirus Current Opinion in Virology  2012 2:115-121  DOI:10.1016/j.coviro.2011.12.008  PMID:22482707  PMCID:PMC3322384
    • Khare, R., Reddy, V. S., Nemerow, G. R., Barry, M. A. Identification of adenovirus serotype 5 hexon regions that interact with scavenger receptors Journal of Virology  2012 86:2293-2301  DOI:10.1128/jvi.05760-11  PMID:22156515  PMCID:PMC3302413
    • Reddy, V. S., Natchiar, S. K., Stewart, P. L., Nemerow, G. R. Crystal structure of human adenovirus at 3.5 Å resolution Science  2010 329:1071-1075  DOI:10.1126/science.1187292  PMID:20798318  PMCID:PMC2929978
    • Reddy, V. S., Natchiar, S. K., Gritton, L., Mullen, T. M., Stewart, P. L., Nemerow, G. R. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of human adenovirus Virology  2010 402:209-214  DOI:10.1016/j.virol.2010.03.028  PMID:20394956  PMCID:PMC2871957
    • Kumar, S., Ochoa, W., Singh, P., Hsu, C., Schneemann, A., Manchester, M., Olson, M., Reddy, V. Tomato bushy stunt virus (TBSV), a versatile platform for polyvalent display of antigenic epitopes and vaccine design Virology  2009 388:185-190  DOI:10.1016/j.virol.2009.02.051  PMID:19344926
    • Nguyen, H. D., Reddy, V. S., Brooks, C. L. Invariant polymorphism in virus capsid assembly Journal of the American Chemical Society  2009 131:2606-2614  DOI:10.1021/ja807730x  PMID:19199626  PMCID:PMC2768263
    • Nemerow, G. R., Pache, L., Reddy, V., Stewart, P. L. Insights into adenovirus host cell interactions from structural studies Virology  2009 384:380-388  DOI:10.1016/j.virol.2008.10.016  PMID:19019405  PMCID:PMC2666334
    • Carrillo-Tripp, M., Shepherd, C. M., Borelli, I. A., Venkataraman, S., Lander, G., Natarajan, P., Johnson, J. E., Brooks, C. L., Reddy, V. S. VIPERdb(2): an enhanced and web API enabled relational database for structural virology Nucleic Acids Research  2009 37:D436-D442  DOI:10.1093/nar/gkn840  PMID:18981051  PMCID:PMC2686430
    • Carrillo-Tripp, M., Brooks, C. L., Reddy, V. S. A novel method to map and compare protein-protein interactions in spherical viral capsids Proteins-Structure Function and Bioinformatics  2008 73:644-655  DOI:10.1002/prot.22088  PMID:18491385
    • Venkataraman, S., Reddy, S. P., Loo, J., Idamakanti, N., Hallenbeck, P. L., Reddy, V. S. Structure of Seneca Valley Virus-001: an oncolytic picornavirus representing a new genus Structure  2008 16:1555-1561  DOI:10.1016/j.str.2008.07.013  PMID:18940610  PMCID:PMC2572565
    • Pache, L., Venkataraman, S., Reddy, V. S., Nemerow, G. R. Structural variations in species B adenovirus fibers impact CD46 association Journal of Virology  2008 82:7923-7931  DOI:10.1128/jvi.00754-08  PMID:18524830  PMCID:PMC2519554
    • Pache, L., Venkataraman, S., Nemerow, G. R., Reddy, V. S. Conservation of fiber structure and CD46 usage by subgroup B2 adenoviruses Virology  2008 375:573-579  DOI:10.1016/j.virol.2008.02.013  PMID:18336857
    • Venkataraman, S., Reddy, S. P., Loo, J., Idamakanti, N., Hallenbeck, P. L., Reddy, V. S. Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction studies of Seneca Valley virus-001, a new member of the Picornaviridae family Acta Crystallographica Section F-Structural Biology and Crystallization Communications  2008 64:293-296  DOI:10.1107/s1744309108006921  PMID:18391430  PMCID:PMC2374260
    • Manayani, D. J., Thomas, D., Dryden, K. A., Reddy, V., Siladi, M. E., Marlett, J. M., Rainey, G. J. A., Pique, M. E., Scobie, H. M., Yeager, M., Young, J. A. T., Manchester, M., et al. A viral nanoparticle with dual function as an anthrax antitoxin and vaccine PLoS Pathogens  2007 3:1422-1431  DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.0030142  PMID:17922572  PMCID:PMC2000967
    • Lad, S. P., Yang, G., Scott, D. A., Wang, G., Nair, P., Mathison, J., Reddy, V. S., Li, E. Chlamydial CT441 is a PDZ domain-containing tail-specific protease that interferes with the NF-kappaB pathway of immune response Journal of Bacteriology  2007 189:6619-6625  DOI:10.1128/jb.00429-07  PMID:17631635  PMCID:PMC2045167
    • Kumar, S., Ochoa, W., Kobayashi, S., Reddy, V. S. Presence of a surface-exposed loop facilitates trypsinization of particles of Sinsiro virus, a genogroup II.3 norovirus Journal of Virology  2007 81:1119-1128  DOI:10.1128/jvi.01909-06  PMID:17079293  PMCID:PMC1797490
    • Hsu, C., Singh, P., Ochoa, W., Manayani, D. J., Manchester, M., Schneemann, A., Reddy, V. S. Characterization of polymorphism displayed by the coat protein mutants of tomato bushy stunt virus Virology  2006 349:222-229  DOI:10.1016/j.virol.2006.02.038  PMID:16603216
    • Taylor, D. J., Speir, J. A., Reddy, V., Cingolani, G., Pringle, F. M., Ball, L. A., Johnson, J. E. Preliminary X-ray characterization of authentic providence virus and attempts to express its coat protein gene in recombinant baculovirus Archives of Virology  2006 151:155-165  DOI:10.1007/s00705-005-0637-3  PMID:16211330
    • Shepherd, C. M., Borelli, I. A., Lander, G., Natarajan, P., Siddavanahalli, V., Bajaj, C., Johnson, J. E., Brooks, C. L., Reddy, V. S. VIPERdb: a relational database for structural virology Nucleic Acids Research  2006 34:D386-D389  DOI:10.1093/nar/gkj032  PMID:16381893  PMCID:PMC1347395
    • Natarajan, P., Lander, G. C., Shepherd, C. M., Reddy, V. S., Brooks, C. L., Johnson, J. E. Exploring icosahedral virus structures with VIPER Nature Reviews Microbiology  2005 3:809-817  DOI:10.1038/nrmicro1247  PMID:16205712
    • Shepherd, C. M., Reddy, V. S. Extent of protein-protein interactions and quasi-equivalence in viral capsids Proteins-Structure Function and Bioinformatics  2005 58:472-477  DOI:10.1002/prot.20311  PMID:15558545
    • Damodaran, K. V., Reddy, V. S., Johnson, J. E., Brooks, C. L. A general method to quantify quasi-equivalence in icosahedral viruses Journal of Molecular Biology  2002 324:723-737  DOI:10.1016/s0022-2836(02)01138-5  PMID:12460573
    • Ren, G., Reddy, V. S., Cheng, A., Melnyk, P., Mitra, A. K. Visualization of a water-selective pore by electron crystallography in vitreous ice Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2001 98:1398-1403  DOI:10.1073/pnas.041489198  PMID:11171962  PMCID:PMC29268
    • Sousa, M. C., Trame, C. B., Tsuruta, H., Wilbanks, S. M., Reddy, V. S., McKay, D. B. Crystal and solution structures of an HslUV protease-chaperone complex Cell  2000 103:633-643  DOI:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)00166-5  PMID:11106733
    • Oliveira, A. C., Gomes, A. M. O., Almeida, F. C. L., Mohana-Borges, R., Valente, A. P., Reddy, V. S., Johnson, J. E., Silva, J. L. Virus maturation targets the protein capsid to concerted disassembly and unfolding Journal of Biological Chemistry  2000 275:16037-16043  DOI:10.1074/jbc.M910145199  PMID:10748191
    • Huang, S., Reddy, V., Dasgupta, N., Nemerow, G. R. A single amino acid in the adenovirus type 37 fiber confers binding to human conjunctival cells Journal of Virology  1999 73:2798-2802  PMID:10074127  PMCID:PMC104037
    • Padidam, M., Reddy, V. S., Beachy, R. N., Fauquet, C. M. Molecular characterization of a plant mitochondrial chaperone GrpE Plant Molecular Biology  1999 39:871-881  DOI:10.1023/a:1006143305907  PMID:10344193
    • Bothner, B., Schneemann, A., Marshall, D., Reddy, V., Johnson, J. E., Siuzdak, G. Crystallographically identical virus capsids display different properties in solution Nature Structural Biology  1999 6:114-116  PMID:10048920
    • Tsuruta, H., Reddy, V. S., Wikoff, W. R., Johnson, J. E. Imaging RNA and dynamic protein segments with low-resolution virus crystallography: experimental design, data processing and implications of electron density maps Journal of Molecular Biology  1998 284:1439-1452  DOI:10.1006/jmbi.1998.2231  PMID:9878362
    • Johnson, J. E., Reddy, V. S. Biggest virus molecular structure yet! Nature Structural Biology  1998 5:849-854  DOI:10.1038/2288  PMID:9783739
    • Reddy, V. S., Giesing, H. A., Morton, R. T., Kumar, A., Post, C. B., Brooks, C. L., Johnson, J. E. Energetics of quasiequivalence: computational analysis of protein-protein interactions in icosahedral viruses Biophysical Journal  1998 74:546-558  DOI:10.1016/S0006-3495(98)77813-0  PMID:9449355  PMCID:PMC1299407
    • Schneemann, A., Reddy, V., Johnson, J. E. The structure and function of nodavirus particles: a paradigm for understanding chemical biology Advances in Virus Research  1998 50:381-446  DOI:10.1016/s0065-3527(08)60812-x  PMID:9521003
    • Kumar, A., Reddy, V. S., Yusibov, V., Chipman, P. R., Hata, Y., Fita, I., Fukuyama, K., Rossmann, M. G., LoeschFries, L. S., Baker, T. S., Johnson, J. E. The structure of alfalfa mosaic virus capsid protein assembled as a T=1 icosahedral particle at 4.0-Å resolution Journal of Virology  1997 71:7911-7916  PMID:9311881  PMCID:PMC192148
    • Munshi, S., Liljas, L., Cavarelli, J., Bomu, W., McKinney, B., Reddy, V., Johnson, J. E. The 2.8 Å structure of a T=4 animal virus and its implications for membrane translocation of RNA Journal of Molecular Biology  1996 261:1-10  DOI:10.1006/jmbi.1996.0437  PMID:8760498
    • Zlotnick, A., Reddy, V. S., Dasgupta, R., Schneemann, A., Ray, W. J., Rueckert, R. R., Johnson, J. E. Capsid assembly in a family of animal viruses primes an autoproteolytic maturation that depends on a single aspartic acid residue Journal of Biological Chemistry  1994 269:13680-13684  PMID:8175803
    • Cheng, R. H., Reddy, V. S., Olson, N. H., Fisher, A. J., Baker, T. S., Johnson, J. E. Functional implications of quasi-equivalence in a T=3 icosahedral animal virus established by cryo-electron microscopy and X-ray crystallography Structure  1994 2:271-282  PMID:8087554
    • Wery, J. P., Reddy, V. S., Hosur, M. V., Johnson, J. E. The refined three-dimensional structure of an insect virus at 2.8-Å resolution Journal of Molecular Biology  1994 235:565-586  DOI:10.1006/jmbi.1994.1014  PMID:8289282
    • Johnson, J. E., Munshi, S., Liljas, L., Agrawal, D., Olson, N. H., Reddy, V., Fisher, A., McKinney, B., Schmidt, T., Baker, T. S. Comparative studies of T=3 and T=4 icosahedral RNA insect viruses Archives of Virology  1994 497-512  PMID:8032278  PMCID:PMC4167711
    • Reddy, V. S., Rao, V. S. R. Modes of binding of alpha(1-2) linked manno-oligosaccharides to concanavalin A International Journal of Biological Macromolecules  1992 14:185-192  DOI:10.1016/s0141-8130(05)80025-x  PMID:1504037
  • chapter

    • Reddy, V. S., Natarajan, P., Lander, G., Qu, C., Brooks, C. L., Johnson, J. E. Virus Particle Explorer (VIPER): a repository of virus capsid structures Conformational Proteomics of Macromolecular Architecture. 403-412. 2004

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  • Scientists Unveil Structure of Adenovirus, the Largest High-Resolution Complex Ever Found  Newsletter
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Research

research overview

  • Our research interests are to determine the three dimensional structures of proteins and molecular assemblies such as viruses and to identify the structural underpinnings and requirements for the self-assembly, stability and targeting specificities of viral capsids. We further use this information as a knowledge base to design novel protein shells that polyvalently display multiple copies of peptides/proteins of interest. We employ X-ray crystallography, cryo-EM, computational, bioinformatics and genetic methods to investigate these areas of research.

    Viruses are highly evolved macromolecular assemblages that perform a variety of functions during their life cycle: self-assemble to form uniform capsids, selective packaging of the genome, binding and followed by delivery of the genetic material to the susceptible target cells. Simple viruses such as non-enveloped viruses form capsids that are homogeneous in their composition and quaternary architecture. Hence are amenable for structural and functional analyses. 

    In collaboration with Professor Glen Nemerow's group at TSRI, we recently determined the crystal structure of Human adenovirus at 3.5Å resolution (Reddy et al, 2010), the biggest virus structure yet determined to date. Highlights of the structure include novel conformation of the Penton base structure, where the fiber shaft is seen inserted deep into the PB-pore. One of the cement proteins, VIII has been conclusively identified located on the capsid interior at two different locations. Identification of other cement proteins are underway.

    We are also actively involved in maintaining and developing the popular virus structure database, VIPERdb (http://viperdb.scripps.edu) of spherical virus structures and their computational and bio-informatics analysis (Carrillo-Tripp et al, 2009).

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Background

education and training

  • M.Sc., University of Hyderabad
  • Ph.D. in Molecular Biophysics, Indian Institute of Science 1991
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Contact

full name

  • Vijay Sai Reddy

geographic location

  • Scripps California 

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