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Ehlers, Cindy
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Ehlers, Cindy

Faculty Member
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Positions

  • 2017 - Professor, Neuroscience , Scripps Research
  • 2017 - Professor (Joint Appointment), Molecular Medicine , Scripps Research
  • Professor of Neurology (Adjunct), University of California, San Francisco
  • Professor of Psychiatry (Adjunct), University of Pittsburgh
  • Professor of Psychiatry (Adjunct), University of California, San Diego
  • 2013 - 2017 Professor, Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience (MCN) , Scripps Research
  • - 2017 Professor (Joint Appointment), Molecular and Experimental Medicine (MEM) , Scripps Research
  • 2008 - 2012 Professor, Molecular and Integrative Neurosciences (MIND) , Scripps Research
  • 1989 - 2008 Associate Professor with tenure, Neurobiology , Scripps Research
  • 1983 - 1989 Assistant Professor, Research Institute of Scripps Clinic
  • 1979 - 1983 Senior Research Associate, Arthur Vining Davis Center for Behavioral Neurobiology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies
  • 1977 - 1979 Postdoctoral Fellow, Brain Research Institute and Department of Anatomy, University of California, Los Angeles
Dr. Cindy Ehlers studies the role genetics plays in the development of addiction to substances in clinical studies and animal models; she also investigates whether genetic, ethnic, and/or racial diversities exist in physiologic markers of risk for substance dependence.

Research Areas research areas

  • Addiction (UMLS)

Contact

  • cindye@scripps.edu

Websites

  • Cindy Ehlers, Ph.D.
  • Laboratory Website
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Publications

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    • Yeung, E. W., Spychala, K. M., Miller, A. P., Otto, J. M., Deak, J. D., Kim, H., Gilder, D. A., Ehlers, C. L., Wilhelmsen, K. C., Gizer, I. R. Effects of genetic risk for alcohol dependence and onset of regular drinking on the progression to alcohol dependence: A polygenic risk score approach Drug and Alcohol Dependence  2022 230  DOI:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.109117  PMID:34844060  PMCID:PMC8714681
    • Peng, Q., Ehlers, C. L. Long tracks of homozygosity predict the severity of alcohol use disorders in an American Indian population Molecular Psychiatry  2021  DOI:10.1038/s41380-020-00989-9  PMID:33398086  PMCID:PMC8254832
    • Amodeo, L. R., Jennings, S. D., Mulholland, P. J., Ehlers, C. L. Chronic intermittent ethanol during adolescence and adulthood alters dendritic spines in the primary motor and visual cortex in rats Alcohol  2021 97:67-74  DOI:10.1016/j.alcohol.2021.09.032  PMID:34626787
    • Ehlers, C. L., Benedict, J., Wills, D., Sanchez-Alavez, M. PSPH-D-18-00526: Effect of a dual orexin receptor antagonist (DORA-12) on sleep and event-related oscillations in rats exposed to ethanol vapor during adolescence Psychopharmacology  2020  DOI:10.1007/s00213-019-05371-4  PMID:31659377
    • Javitt, D. C., Siegel, S. J., Spencer, K. M., Mathalon, D. H., Hong, L. E., Martinez, A., Ehlers, C. L., Abbas, A. I., Teichert, T., Lakatos, P., Womelsdorf, T. A roadmap for development of neuro-oscillations as translational biomarkers for treatment development in neuropsychopharmacology Neuropsychopharmacology  2020  DOI:10.1038/s41386-020-0697-9  PMID:32375159
    • Amodeo, L. R., Liu, W., Wills, D. N., Vetreno, R. P., Crews, F. T., Ehlers, C. L. Adolescent alcohol exposure increases orexin-A/hypocretin-1 in the anterior hypothalamus Alcohol  2020 88:65-72  DOI:10.1016/j.alcohol.2020.06.003  PMID:32619610  PMCID:PMC7501165
    • Ehlers, C. L., Phillips, E., Wills, D., Benedict, J., Sanchez-Alavez, M. Phase locking of event-related oscillations is decreased in both young adult humans and rats with a history of adolescent alcohol exposure Addiction Biology  2020 25  DOI:10.1111/adb.12732  PMID:30884076  PMCID:PMC6751029
    • Sanchez-Alavez, M., Nguyen, W., Mori, S., Wills, D. N., Otero, D., Aguirre, C. A., Singh, M., Ehlers, C. L., Conti, B. Time course of blood and brain cytokine/chemokine levels following adolescent alcohol exposure and withdrawal in rats Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  2019  DOI:10.1111/acer.14209  PMID:31589333
    • Ehlers, C. L., Phillips, E., Kim, C., Wills, D. N., Karriker-Jaffe, K. J., Gilder, D. A. CR-19-0950: Event-related responses to alcohol-related stimuli in Mexican-American young adults: Relation to age, gender, comorbidity and "dark side" symptoms Drug and Alcohol Dependence  2019 202:76-86  DOI:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.06.001  PMID:31323376  PMCID:PMC6685752
    • Crews, F. T., Robinson, D. L., Chandler, L. J., Ehlers, C. L., Mulholland, P. J., Pandey, S. C., Rodd, Z. A., Spear, L. P., Swartzwelder, H. S., Vetreno, R. P. Mechanisms of persistent neurobiological changes following adolescent alcohol exposure: NADIA Consortium findings Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  2019 43:1806-1822  DOI:10.1111/acer.14154  PMID:31335972  PMCID:PMC6758927
    • Sanchez-Alavez, M., Nguyen, W., Mori, S., Wills, D. N., Otero, D., Ehlers, C. L., Conti, B. Time course of microglia activation and brain and blood cytokine/chemokine levels following chronic ethanol exposure and protracted withdrawal in rats Alcohol  2019 76:37-45  DOI:10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.07.005  PMID:30554034  PMCID:PMC6336521
    • Sanchez-Alavez, M., Benedict, J., Wills, D. N., Ehlers, C. L. Effect of suvorexant on event-related oscillations and EEG sleep in rats exposed to chronic intermittent ethanol vapor and protracted withdrawal Sleep  2019 42  DOI:10.1093/sleep/zsz020
    • Peng, Q., Bizon, C., Gizer, I. R., Wilhelmsen, K. C., Ehlers, C. L. Genetic loci for alcohol-related life events and substance-induced affective symptoms: indexing the "dark side" of addiction Translational Psychiatry  2019 9  DOI:10.1038/s41398-019-0397-6  PMID:30718457  PMCID:PMC6362044
    • Ehlers, C. L., Gilder, D. A., Gizer, I. R., Wilhelmsen, K. C. Indexing the 'dark side of addiction': substance-induced affective symptoms and alcohol use disorders Addiction  2019 114:139-149  DOI:10.1111/add.14431  PMID:30153346
    • Amodeo, L. R., Wills, D. N., Sanchez-Alavez, M., Nguyen, W., Conti, B., Ehlers, C. L. Intermittent voluntary ethanol consumption combined with ethanol vapor exposure during adolescence increases drinking and alters other behaviors in adulthood in female and male rats Alcohol  2018 73:57-66  DOI:10.1016/j.alcohol.2018.04.003  PMID:30293056  PMCID:PMC6193864
    • Moore, R. S., Gilder, D. A., Grube, J. W., Lee, J. P., Geisler, J. A., Friese, B., Calac, D. J., Finan, L. J., Ehlers, C. L. Prevention of underage drinking on California Indian reservations using individual- and community-level approaches American Journal of Public Health  2018 108:1035-1041  DOI:10.2105/ajph.2018.304447  PMID:29927644  PMCID:PMC6050833
    • Ehlers, C. L., Wills, D., Gilder, D. A. A history of binge drinking during adolescence is associated with poorer sleep quality in young adult Mexican Americans and American Indians Psychopharmacology  2018 235:1775-1782  DOI:10.1007/s00213-018-4889-5  PMID:29589068
    • Ehlers, C. L., Pergadia, M. L., Stoker, A. K., Vlachou, S. Contribution to mentorship and promoting women in science Biological Psychiatry  2018 83:913-914  DOI:10.1016/j.biopsych.2017.08.015  PMID:28917609
    • Ehlers, C. L., Sanchez-Alavez, M., Wills, D. Effect of gabapentin on sleep and delta and theta EEG power in adult rats exposed to chronic intermittent ethanol vapor and protracted withdrawal during adolescence Psychopharmacology  2018 235:1783-1791  DOI:10.1007/s00213-018-4888-6  PMID:29589069  PMCID:PMC5949268
    • Sanchez-Alavez, M., Wills, D. N., Amodeo, L., Ehlers, C. L. Effect of gabapentin on sleep and event-related oscillations (EROs) in rats exposed to chronic intermittent ethanol vapor and protracted withdrawal Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  2018 42:624-633  DOI:10.1111/acer.13588  PMID:29286538  PMCID:PMC5832602
    • Zemore, S. E., Karriker-Jaffe, K. J., Mulia, N., Kerr, W. C., Ehlers, C. L., Cook, W. K., Martinez, P., Lui, C., Greenfield, T. K. The future of research on alcohol-related disparities across U.S. racial/ethnic groups: a plan of attack Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs  2018 79:7-21  PMID:29227222
    • Gizer, I. R., Bizon, C., Gilder, D. A., Ehlers, C. L., Wilhelmsen, K. C. Whole genome sequence study of cannabis dependence in two independent cohorts Addiction Biology  2018 23:461-473  DOI:10.1111/adb.12489  PMID:28111843  PMCID:PMC5522771
    • Melroy-Greif, W. E., Gizer, I. R., Wilhelmsen, K. C., Ehlers, C. L. Genetic influences on evening preference overlap with those for bipolar disorder in a sample of Mexican Americans and American Indians Twin Research and Human Genetics  2017 20:499-510  DOI:10.1017/thg.2017.62  PMID:29192581
    • Peng, Q., Gizer, I. R., Wilhelmsen, K. C., Ehlers, C. L. Associations between genomic variants in alcohol dehydrogenase genes and alcohol symptomatology in American Indians and European Americans: distinctions and convergence Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  2017 41:1695-1704  DOI:10.1111/acer.13480  PMID:28815635  PMCID:PMC5626638
    • Amodeo, L. R., Wills, D. N., Ehlers, C. L. Acute low-level alcohol consumption reduces phase locking of event-related oscillations in rodents Behavioural Brain Research  2017 330:25-29  DOI:10.1016/j.bbr.2017.05.007  PMID:28495609  PMCID:PMC5521819
    • Yin, X., Bizon, C., Tilson, J., Lin, Y., Gizer, I. R., Ehlers, C. L., Wilhelmsen, K. C. Genome-wide meta-analysis identifies a novel susceptibility signal at CACNA2D3 for nicotine dependence American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B-Neuropsychiatric Genetics  2017 174:557-567  DOI:10.1002/ajmg.b.32540  PMID:28440896
    • Melroy-Greif, W. E., Wilhelmsen, K. C., Yehuda, R., Ehlers, C. L. Genome-wide association study of post-traumatic stress disorder in two high-risk populations Twin Research and Human Genetics  2017 20:197-207  DOI:10.1017/thg.2017.12  PMID:28262088
    • Peng, Q., Schork, N. J., Wilhelmsen, K. C., Ehlers, C. L. Whole genome sequence association and ancestry-informed polygenic profile of EEG alpha in a Native American population American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B-Neuropsychiatric Genetics  2017 174:435-450  DOI:10.1002/ajmg.b.32533  PMID:28436151  PMCID:PMC5435561
    • Richmond-Rakerd, L. S., Otto, J. M., Slutske, W. S., Ehlers, C. L., Wilhelmsen, K. C., Gizer, I. R. A novel tobacco use phenotype suggests the 15q25 and 19q13 loci may be differentially associated with cigarettes per day and tobacco-related problems Nicotine & Tobacco Research  2017 19:426-434  DOI:10.1093/ntr/ntw260  PMID:27663783
    • Amodeo, L. R., Kneiber, D., Wills, D. N., Ehlers, C. L. Alcohol drinking during adolescence increases consumptive responses to alcohol in adulthood in Wistar rats Alcohol  2017 59:43-51  DOI:10.1016/j.alcohol.2016.12.002  PMID:28187948  PMCID:PMC5358807
    • Ehlers, C. L., Wills, D. N., Lau, P., Gilder, D. A. Sleep quality in an adult American Indian community sample Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine  2017 13:385-391  DOI:10.5664/jcsm.6486  PMID:27998373  PMCID:PMC5337585
    • Ehlers, C. L., Kim, C., Gilder, D. A., Stouffer, G. M., Caetano, R., Yehuda, R. Lifetime history of traumatic events in a young adult Mexican American sample: Relation to substance dependence, affective disorder, acculturation stress, and PTSD Journal of Psychiatric Research  2016 83:79-85  DOI:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.08.009  PMID:27569652  PMCID:PMC5107155
    • Otto, J. M., Gizer, I. R., Bizon, C., Wilhelmsen, K. C., Ehlers, C. L. Polygenic risk scores for cigarettes smoked per day do not generalize to a Native American population Drug and Alcohol Dependence  2016 167:95-102  DOI:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.07.029  PMID:27530288  PMCID:PMC5037040
    • Melroy-Greif, W. E., Wilhelmsen, K. C., Ehlers, C. L. Genetic variation in FAAH is associated with cannabis use disorders in a young adult sample of Mexican Americans Drug and Alcohol Dependence  2016 166:249-253  DOI:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.06.021  PMID:27394933  PMCID:PMC4983484
    • Ehlers, C. L., Gizer, I. R., Bizon, C., Slutske, W., Peng, Q., Schork, N. J., Wilhelmsen, K. C. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the REG-CTNNA2 region of chromosome 2 and NEIL3 associated with impulsivity in a Native American sample Genes Brain and Behavior  2016 15:568-577  DOI:10.1111/gbb.12297  PMID:27167163  PMCID:PMC4935619
    • Sanchez-Alavez, M., Ehlers, C. L. Event-related oscillations (ERO) during an active discrimination task: Effects of lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis International Journal of Psychophysiology  2016 103:53-61  DOI:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.02.010  PMID:25660307  PMCID:PMC4529390
    • Criado, J. R., Gilder, D. A., Kalafut, M. A., Ehlers, C. L. Cardiovascular disease risks in adult Native and Mexican Americans with a history of alcohol use disorders: association with cardiovascular autonomic control Clinical Autonomic Research  2016 26:87-95  DOI:10.1007/s10286-015-0333-7  PMID:26758567  PMCID:PMC4862581
    • Gilder, D. A., Stouffer, G. M., Lau, P., Ehlers, C. L. Clinical characteristics of alcohol combined with other substance use disorders in an American Indian community sample Drug and Alcohol Dependence  2016 161:222-229  DOI:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.02.006  PMID:26896167  PMCID:PMC4792738
    • Norden-Krichmar, T. M., Gizer, I. R., Phillips, E., Wilhelmsen, K. C., Schork, N. J., Ehlers, C. L. Variants near CCK receptors are associated with electrophysiological responses to pre-pulse startle stimuli in a Mexican American cohort Twin Research and Human Genetics  2015 18:727-737  DOI:10.1017/thg.2015.77  PMID:26608796  PMCID:PMC4727900
    • Ehlers, C. L., Wills, D. N., Phillips, E., Havstad, J. Low voltage alpha EEG phenotype is associated with reduced amplitudes of alpha event-related oscillations, increased cortical phase synchrony, and a low level of response to alcohol International Journal of Psychophysiology  2015 98:65-75  DOI:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2015.07.002  PMID:26151497  PMCID:PMC4579005
    • Gizer, I. R., Ehlers, C. L. Genome-wide association studies of substance use: considerations regarding populations and phenotypes. Biological Psychiatry  2015 77:423-424  DOI:10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.11.013  PMID:25645273
    • Lee, J. P., Moore, R. S., Roberts, J., Nelson, N., Calac, D., Gilder, D. A., Ehlers, C. L. Off-premise alcohol outlets on and around tribal land: risks for rural California Indian youth Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse  2015 14:59-78  DOI:10.1080/15332640.2014.958643  PMID:25529892  PMCID:PMC4344917
    • Norden-Krichmar, T. M., Gizer, I. R., Wilhelmsen, K. C., Schork, N. J., Ehlers, C. L. Protective variant associated with alcohol dependence in a Mexican American cohort BMC Medical Genetics  2014 15  DOI:10.1186/s12881-014-0136-z  PMID:25527893  PMCID:PMC4337107
    • Peng, Q., Gizer, I. R., Libiger, O., Bizon, C., Wilhelmsen, K. C., Schork, N. J., Ehlers, C. L. Association and ancestry analysis of sequence variants in ADH and ALDH using alcohol-related phenotypes in a Native American community sample American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B-Neuropsychiatric Genetics  2014 165:673-683  DOI:10.1002/ajmg.b.32272  PMID:25270064  PMCID:PMC4364382
    • Jaime, L. K. M., Shafe, S., Liang, T., Wills, D. N., Berg, G. I., Ehlers, C. L. Subjective response to alcohol and ADH polymorphisms in a select sample of young adult male East Indians and Africans in Trinidad and Tobago Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs  2014 75:827-838  PMID:25208201  PMCID:PMC4161702
    • Ehlers, C. L., Stouffer, G. M., Gilder, D. A. Associations between a history of binge drinking during adolescence and self-reported responses to alcohol in young adult Native and Mexican Americans Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  2014 38:2039-2047  DOI:10.1111/acer.12466  PMID:24961146  PMCID:PMC4125016
    • Gilder, D. A., Gizer, I. R., Lau, P., Ehlers, C. L. Stimulant dependence and stimulant-associated psychosis: clinical characteristics and age of onset in a native american community sample Journal of Addiction Medicine  2014 8:241-248  DOI:10.1097/adm.0000000000000039  PMID:24755633  PMCID:PMC4122628
    • Norden-Krichmar, T. M., Gizer, I. R., Libiger, O., Wilhelmsen, K. C., Ehlers, C. L., Schork, N. J. Correlation analysis of genetic admixture and social identification with body mass index in a Native American community American Journal of Human Biology  2014 26:347-360  DOI:10.1002/ajhb.22521  PMID:24757035  PMCID:PMC4068510
    • Sanchez-Alavez, M., Robleclo, P., Wills, D. N., Haustad, J., Ehlers, C. L. Cholinergic modulation of event-related oscillations (ERO) Brain Research  2014 1559:11-25  DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2014.02.043  PMID:24594019  PMCID:PMC4090032
    • Criado, J. R., Gizer, I. R., Edenberg, H. J., Ehlers, C. L. CHRNA5 and CHRNA3 variants and level of neuroticism in young adult Mexican American men and women Twin Research and Human Genetics  2014 17:80-88  DOI:10.1017/thg.2014.11  PMID:24588897  PMCID:PMC4034688
    • Ehlers, C. L., Desikan, A., Wills, D. N. Event-related potential responses to the acute and chronic effects of alcohol in adolescent and adult Wistar rats Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  2014 38:749-759  DOI:10.1111/acer.12299  PMID:24483322  PMCID:PMC4002286
    • Gilder, D. A., Gizer, I. R., Lau, P., Ehlers, C. L. Item response theory analyses of DSM-IV and DSM-5 stimulant use disorder criteria in an American Indian community sample Drug and Alcohol Dependence  2014 135:29-36  DOI:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.10.010  PMID:24200103  PMCID:PMC3915779
    • Bizon, C., Spiegel, M., Chasse, S. A., Gizer, I. R., Li, Y., Malc, E. P., Mieczkowski, P. A., Sailsbery, J. K., Wang, X., Ehlers, C. L., Wilhelmsen, K. C. Variant calling in low-coverage whole genome sequencing of a Native American population sample BMC Genomics  2014 15:85  DOI:10.1186/1471-2164-15-85  PMID:24479562  PMCID:PMC3914019
    • Ehlers, C. L., Desikan, A., Wills, D. N. Developmental differences in EEG and sleep responses to acute ethanol administration and its withdrawal (hangover) in adolescent and adult Wistar rats Alcohol  2013 47:601-610  DOI:10.1016/j.alcohol.2013.09.040  PMID:24169089  PMCID:PMC3896376
    • Ehlers, C. L., Gizer, I. R., Gilder, D. A., Ellingson, J. M., Yehuda, R. Measuring historical trauma in an American Indian community sample: contributions of substance dependence, affective disorder, conduct disorder and PTSD Drug and Alcohol Dependence  2013 133:180-187  DOI:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.05.011  PMID:23791028  PMCID:PMC3810370
    • Ehlers, C. L., Oguz, I., Budin, F., Wills, D. N., Crews, F. T. Peri-adolescent ethanol vapor exposure produces reductions in hippocampal volume that are correlated with deficits in prepulse inhibition of the startle Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  2013 37:1466-1475  DOI:10.1111/acer.12125  PMID:23578102  PMCID:PMC3715576
    • Ehlers, C. L., Liu, W., Wills, D. N., Crews, F. T. Periadolescent ethanol vapor exposure persistently reduces measures of hippocampal neurogenesis that are associated with behavioral outcomes in adulthood Neuroscience  2013 244:1-15  DOI:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.03.058  PMID:23567812  PMCID:PMC3726260
    • Gizer, I. R., Gilder, D. A., Lau, P., Wang, T., Wilhelmsen, K. C., Ehlers, C. L. Contributions of ethnicity to differential item functioning of cannabis abuse and dependence symptoms Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs  2013 74:320-328  PMID:23384380  PMCID:PMC3568170
    • Ehlers, C. L., Gizer, I. R. Evidence for a genetic component for substance dependence in Native Americans American Journal of Psychiatry  2013 170:154-164  DOI:10.1176/appi.ajp.2012.12010113  PMID:23377636  PMCID:PMC3603686
    • Ehlers, C. L., Gizer, I. R., Gilder, D. A., Yehuda, R. Lifetime history of traumatic events in an American Indian community sample: Heritability and relation to substance dependence, affective disorder, conduct disorder and PTSD Journal of Psychiatric Research  2013 47:155-161  DOI:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.10.002  PMID:23102628  PMCID:PMC3530021
    • Criado, J. R., Ehlers, C. L. Effects of adolescent onset voluntary drinking followed by ethanol vapor exposure on subsequent ethanol consumption during protracted withdrawal in adult Wistar rats Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior  2013 103:622-630  DOI:10.1016/j.pbb.2012.10.016  PMID:23128022  PMCID:PMC3544970
    • Criado, J. R., Gilder, D. A., Kalafut, M. A., Ehlers, C. L. Obesity in American Indian and Mexican American men and women: associations with blood pressure and cardiovascular autonomic control Cardiovascular Psychiatry and Neurology  2013 2013:680687  DOI:10.1155/2013/680687  PMID:24024026  PMCID:PMC3760286
    • Gilder, D. A., Luna, J. A., Roberts, J., Calac, D., Grube, J. W., Moore, R. S., Ehlers, C. L. Usefulness of a survey on underage drinking in a rural American Indian community health clinic American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research  2013 20:1-26  DOI:10.5820/aian.2002.2013.1  PMID:23824640  PMCID:PMC3788675
    • Gizer, I. R., Ehlers, C. L., Vieten, C., Feiler, H. S., Gilder, D. A., Wilhelmsen, K. C. Genome-wide linkage scan of antisocial behavior, depression, and impulsive substance use in the UCSF family alcoholism study Psychiatric Genetics  2012 22:235-244  DOI:10.1097/YPG.0b013e328353fb77  PMID:22517380  PMCID:PMC3427472
    • Ehlers, C. L., Wills, D. N., Havstad, J. Ethanol reduces the phase locking of neural activity in human and rodent brain Brain Research  2012 1450:67-79  DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2012.02.039  PMID:22410292  PMCID:PMC3503530
    • Criado, J. R., Gizer, I. R., Slutske, W. S., Phillips, E., Ehlers, C. L. Event-related oscillations to affective stimuli: Heritability, linkage and relationship to externalizing disorders Journal of Psychiatric Research  2012 46:256-263  DOI:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.10.017  PMID:22123122  PMCID:PMC3264760
    • Gilder, D. A., Ehlers, C. L. Depression symptoms associated with cannabis dependence in an adolescent American Indian community sample American Journal on Addictions  2012 21:536-543  DOI:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2012.00281.x  PMID:23082832  PMCID:PMC3498983
    • Ehlers, C. L., Criado, J. R., Wills, D. N., Liu, W., Crews, F. T. Periadolescent ethanol exposure reduces adult forebrain ChAT plus IR neurons: Correlation with behavioral pathology Neuroscience  2011 199:333-345  DOI:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.10.011  PMID:22033458  PMCID:PMC3264427
    • Ehlers, C. L., Gizer, I. R., Gilder, D. A., Wilhelmsen, K. C. Linkage analyses of stimulant dependence, craving, and heavy use in American Indians American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B-Neuropsychiatric Genetics  2011 156B:772-780  DOI:10.1002/ajmg.b.31218  PMID:21812097  PMCID:PMC3188982
    • Blasius, A. L., Dubin, A. E., Petrus, M. J., Lim, B. K., Narezkina, A., Criado, J. R., Wills, D. N., Xia, Y., Moresco, E. M. Y., Ehlers, C., Knowlton, K. U., Patapoutian, A., et al. Hypermorphic mutation of the voltage-gated sodium channel encoding gene Scn10a causes a dramatic stimulus-dependent neurobehavioral phenotype Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America  2011 108:19413-19418  DOI:10.1073/pnas.1117020108  PMID:22087007  PMCID:PMC3228463
    • Gizer, I. R., Edenberg, H. J., Gilder, D. A., Wilhelmsen, K. C., Ehlers, C. L. Association of alcohol dehydrogenase genes with alcohol-related phenotypes in a native american community sample Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  2011 35:2008-2018  DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01552.x  PMID:21635275  PMCID:PMC3197765
    • Ehlers, C. L., Phillips, E., Criado, J. R., Gilder, D. A. N4 component responses to pre-pulse startle stimuli in young adults: Relationship to alcohol dependence Psychiatry Research  2011 188:237-244  DOI:10.1016/j.psychres.2011.04.010  PMID:21550123  PMCID:PMC3114177
    • Criado, J. R., Liu, T. M., Ehlers, C. L., Mathe, A. A. Prolonged chronic ethanol exposure alters neuropeptide Y and corticotropin-releasing factor levels in the brain of adult Wistar rats Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior  2011 99:104-111  DOI:10.1016/j.pbb.2011.04.005  PMID:21527271  PMCID:PMC3120013
    • Gilder, D. A., Gizer, I. R., Ehlers, C. L. Item response theory analysis of binge drinking and its relationship to lifetime alcohol use disorder symptom severity in an American Indian community sample Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  2011 35:984-995  DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2010.01429.x  PMID:21314696  PMCID:PMC3083452
    • Gizer, I. R., Ehlers, C. L., Vieten, C., Seaton-Smith, K. L., Feiler, H. S., Lee, J. V., Segall, K., Gilder, D. A., Wilhelmsen, K. C. Linkage scan of nicotine dependence in the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) family alcoholism study Psychological Medicine  2011 41:799-808  DOI:10.1017/s0033291710001273  PMID:20594377  PMCID:PMC3045476
    • Gizer, I. R., Ehlers, C. L., Vieten, C., Seaton-Smith, K. L., Feiler, H. S., Lee, J. V., Segall, S. K., Gilder, D. A., Wilhelmsen, K. C. Linkage scan of alcohol dependence in the UCSF family alcoholism study Drug and Alcohol Dependence  2011 113:125-132  DOI:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.07.017  PMID:20817416  PMCID:PMC3008755
    • Gilder, D. A., Luna, J. A., Calac, D., Moore, R. S., Monti, P. M., Ehlers, C. L. Acceptability of the use of motivational interviewing to reduce underage drinking in a Native American community Substance Use & Misuse  2011 46:836-842  DOI:10.3109/10826084.2010.541963  PMID:21210721  PMCID:PMC3075848
    • Ehlers, C. L., Gilder, D. A., Criado, J. R., Caetano, R. Sleep quality and alcohol-use disorders in a select population of young-adult Mexican Americans Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs  2010 71:879-884  PMID:20946745  PMCID:PMC2965486
    • Pian, J. P., Criado, J. R., Milner, R., Ehlers, C. L. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit expression in adult and adolescent brain following chronic ethanol exposure Neuroscience  2010 170:645-654  DOI:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.06.065  PMID:20603193  PMCID:PMC2945397
    • Ehlers, C. L., Gizer, I. R., Schuckit, M. A., Wilhelmsen, K. C. Genome-wide scan for self-rating of the effects of alcohol in American Indians Psychiatric Genetics  2010 20:221-228  DOI:10.1097/YPG.0b013e32833add87  PMID:20505555  PMCID:PMC2933945
    • Walker, B. M., Drimmer, D. A., Walker, J. L., Liu, T. M., Mathe, A. A., Ehlers, C. L. Effects of prolonged ethanol vapor exposure on forced swim behavior, and neuropeptide Y and corticotropin-releasing factor levels in rat brains Alcohol  2010 44:487-493  DOI:10.1016/j.alcohol.2010.06.006  PMID:20705420  PMCID:PMC2954060
    • Criado, J. R., Ehlers, C. L. Effects of adolescent ethanol exposure on event-related oscillations (EROS) in the hippocampus of adult rats Behavioural Brain Research  2010 210:164-170  DOI:10.1016/j.bbr.2010.02.021  PMID:20170688  PMCID:PMC2862110
    • Criado, J. R., Ehlers, C. L. Event-related oscillations in the parietal cortex of adult alcohol-preferring (P) and alcohol-nonpreferring rats (NP) Alcohol  2010 44:335-342  DOI:10.1016/j.alcohol.2010.02.004  PMID:20598842  PMCID:PMC2918714
    • Ehlers, C. L., Walter, N. A. R., Dick, D. M., Buck, K. J., Crabbe, J. C. A comparison of selected quantitative trait loci associated with alcohol use phenotypes in humans and mouse models Addiction Biology  2010 15:185-199  DOI:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2009.00195.x  PMID:20148779  PMCID:PMC2848508
    • Crabbe, J. C., Bell, R. L., Ehlers, C. L. Human and laboratory rodent low response to alcohol: Is better consilience possible? Addiction Biology  2010 15:125-144  DOI:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2009.00191.x  PMID:20148776  PMCID:PMC2853481
    • Ehlers, C. L., Gizer, I. R., Vieten, C., Wilhelmsen, K. C. Linkage analyses of cannabis dependence, craving, and withdrawal in the San Francisco family study American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B-Neuropsychiatric Genetics  2010 153B:802-811  DOI:10.1002/ajmg.b.31050  PMID:19937978  PMCID:PMC2940710
    • Ehlers, C. L., Gizer, I. R., Phillips, E., Wilhelmsen, K. C. Eeg alpha phenotypes: Linkage analyses and relation to alcohol dependence in an American Indian community study BMC Medical Genetics  2010 11:43  DOI:10.1186/1471-2350-11-43  PMID:20298578  PMCID:PMC2851592
    • Ehlers, C. L., Criado, J. R. Adolescent ethanol exposure: Does it produce long-lasting electrophysiological effects? Alcohol  2010 44:27-37  DOI:10.1016/j.alcohol.2009.09.033  PMID:20113872  PMCID:PMC2818286
    • Ehlers, C. L., Gizer, I. R., Vieten, C., Gilder, D. A., Stouffer, G. M., Lau, P., Wilhelmsen, K. C. Cannabis dependence in the San Francisco Family Study: Age of onset of use, DSM-IV symptoms, withdrawal, and heritability Addictive Behaviors  2010 35:102-110  DOI:10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.09.009  PMID:19818563  PMCID:PMC2805269
    • Ehlers, C. L., Phillips, E., Gizer, I. R., Gilder, D. A., Wilhelmsen, K. C. EEG spectral phenotypes: Heritability and association with marijuana and alcohol dependence in an American Indian community study Drug and Alcohol Dependence  2010 106:101-110  DOI:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.07.024  PMID:19748744  PMCID:PMC2815012
    • Ehlers, C. L., Gilder, D. A., Criado, J. R., Caetano, R. Acculturation stress, anxiety disorders, and alcohol dependence in a select population of young adult Mexican Americans Journal of Addiction Medicine  2009 3:227-233  DOI:10.1097/ADM.0b013e3181ab6db7  PMID:20161543  PMCID:PMC2805002
    • Gilder, D. A., Lau, P., Ehlers, C. L. Item response theory analysis of lifetime cannabis-use disorder symptom severity in an American Indian community sample Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs  2009 70:839-849  PMID:19895760  PMCID:PMC2776116
    • Pian, J. P., Criado, J. R., Walker, B. M., Ehlers, C. L. Milk consumption during adolescence decreases alcohol drinking in adulthood Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior  2009 94:179-185  DOI:10.1016/j.pbb.2009.08.006  PMID:19698741  PMCID:PMC2758077
    • Criado, J. R., Ehlers, C. L. Event-related oscillations as risk markers in genetic mouse models of high alcohol preference Neuroscience  2009 163:506-523  DOI:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.06.039  PMID:19540906  PMCID:PMC2741167
    • Walker, B. M., Ehlers, C. L. Appetitive motivational experience during adolescence results in enhanced alcohol consumption during adulthood Behavioral Neuroscience  2009 123:926-935  DOI:10.1037/a0016002  PMID:19634953  PMCID:PMC2787447
    • Irwin, M. R., Olmstead, R., Valladares, E. M., Breen, E. C., Ehlers, C. L. Tumor necrosis factor antagonism normalizes rapid eye movement sleep in alcohol dependence Biological Psychiatry  2009 66:191-195  DOI:10.1016/j.biopsych.208.12.004  PMID:19185287  PMCID:PMC2761725
    • Ehlers, C. L., Gilder, D. A., Gizer, I. R., Wilhelmsen, K. C. Heritability and a genome-wide linkage analysis of a type II/B cluster construct for cannabis dependence in an American Indian community Addiction Biology  2009 14:338-348  DOI:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2009.00160.x  PMID:19413562  PMCID:PMC2850263
    • Ehlers, C. L., Criado, J. R. Event-related oscillations in mice: Effects of stimulus characteristics Journal of Neuroscience Methods  2009 181:52-57  DOI:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.04.015  PMID:19406149  PMCID:PMC2743542
    • Shafe, S., Gilder, D. A., Montane-Jaime, L. K., Joseph, R., Moore, S., Crooks, H., Ramcharam, C., Ehlers, C. L. Co-morbidity of alcohol dependence and select affective and anxiety disorders among individuals of East Indian and African ancestry in Trinidad and Tobago West Indian Medical Journal  2009 58:164-172  PMID:20953317  PMCID:PMC2954109
    • Walker, B. M., Ehlers, C. L. Age-related differences in the blood alcohol levels of wistar rats Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior  2009 91:560-565  DOI:10.1016/j.pbb.2008.09.017  PMID:18940195  PMCID:PMC2766013
    • Pian, J. P., Criado, J. R., Ehlers, C. L. Differential effects of acute alcohol on prepulse inhibition and event-related potentials in adolescent and adult Wistar rats Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  2008 32:2062-2073  DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00794.x  PMID:18828807  PMCID:PMC2726007
    • Buysse, D. J., Germain, A., Hall, M. L., Moul, D. E., Nofzinger, E. A., Begley, A., Ehlers, C. L., Thompson, W., Kupfer, D. J. EEG spectral analysis in primary insomnia: NREM period effects and sex differences Sleep  2008 31:1673-1682  PMID:19090323  PMCID:PMC2603490
    • Criado, J. R., Wills, D. N., Walker, B. A., Ehlers, C. L. Effects of adolescent ethanol exposure on sleep in adult rats Alcohol  2008 42:631-639  DOI:10.1016/j.alcohol.2008.08.001  PMID:18922666  PMCID:PMC2858580
    • Montane-Jaime, L. K., Shafe, S., Joseph, R., Moore, S., Gilder, D. A., Crooks, H., Ramcharan, C., Ehlers, C. L. The clinical course of alcoholism in Trinidad and Tobago Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs  2008 69:834-839  PMID:18925341  PMCID:PMC2583374
    • Ehlers, C. L., Gilder, D. A., Slutske, W. S., Lind, P. A., Wilhelmsen, K. C. Externalizing disorders in American Indians: Comorbidity and a genome wide linkage analysis American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B-Neuropsychiatric Genetics  2008 147B:690-698  DOI:10.1002/ajmg.30666  PMID:18286631  PMCID:PMC2839892
    • Hodgkinson, C. A., Yuan, Q. P., Xu, K., Shen, P. H., Heinz, E., Lobos, E. A., Binder, E. B., Cubells, J., Ehlers, C. L., Gelernter, J., Mann, J., Riley, B., et al. Addictions biology: Haplotype-based analysis for 130 candidate genes on a single array Alcohol and Alcoholism  2008 43:505-515  DOI:10.1093/alcalc/agn032  PMID:18477577  PMCID:PMC2724863
    • Gilder, D. A., Lau, P., Corey, L., Ehlers, C. L. Factors associated with remission from alcohol dependence in an American Indian community group American Journal of Psychiatry  2008 165:1172-1178  DOI:10.1176/appi.ajp.2008.07081308  PMID:18519526  PMCID:PMC2835695
    • Ehlers, C. L., Lind, P. A., Wilhelmsen, K. C. Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the mu opioid receptor gene (OPRM1) and self-reported responses to alcohol in American Indians BMC Medical Genetics  2008 9:35  DOI:10.1186/1471-2350-9-35  PMID:18433502  PMCID:PMC2386778
    • Walker, B. M., Walker, J. L., Ehlers, C. L. Dissociable effects of ethanol consumption during the light and dark phase in adolescent and adult Wistar rats Alcohol  2008 42:83-89  DOI:10.1016/j.alcohol.2007.12.001  PMID:18358986  PMCID:PMC2387129
    • Ehlers, C. L., Gilder, D. A., Phillips, E. P3 components of the event-related potential and marijuana dependence in Southwest California Indians Addiction Biology  2008 13:130-142  DOI:10.1111/j.1369-1600.2007.00091.x  PMID:18201292
    • Valladares, E. M., Eijammal, S. M., Motivala, S., Ehlers, C. L., Irwin, M. R. Sex differences in cardiac sympathovagal balance and vagal tone during nocturnal sleep Sleep Medicine  2008 9:310-316  DOI:10.1016/j.sleep.2007.02.012  PMID:17644417
    • Piana, J. P., Criado, J. R., Walker, B. M., Ehlers, C. L. Differential effects of acute alcohol on EEG and sedative responses in adolescent and adult Wistar rats Brain Research  2008 1194:28-36  DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2007.11.057  PMID:18191821  PMCID:PMC2275718
    • Criado, J. R., Wills, D. N., Walker, B. M., Ehlers, C. L. Electrophysiological effects of dizocilpine (MK-801) in adult rats exposed to ethanol during adolescence Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  2008 32:1752-1762  DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00760.x  PMID:18652596
    • Ehlers, C. L., Slutske, W. S., Lind, P. A., Wilhelmsen, K. C. Association between single nucleotide polymorphisms in the cannabinoid receptor gene (CNR1) and impulsivity in Southwest California Indians Twin Research and Human Genetics  2007 10:805-811  DOI:10.1375/twin.10.6.805  PMID:18179391
    • Criado, J. R., Ehlers, C. L. Electrophysiological responses to affective stimuli in Mexican Americans: Relationship to alcohol dependence and personality traits Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior  2007 88:148-157  DOI:10.1016/j.pbb.2007.07.019  PMID:17764730  PMCID:PMC2042967
    • Criado, J. R., Ehlers, C. L. Electrophysiological responses to affective stimuli in Southwest California Indians: Relationship to alcohol dependence Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs  2007 68:813-823  PMID:17960299
    • Ehlers, C. L., Wall, T. L., Corey, L., Lau, P., Gilder, D. A., Wilhelmsen, K. Heritability of illicit drug use and transition to dependence in southwest California Indians Psychiatric Genetics  2007 17:171-176  DOI:10.1097/01.ypg.0000242201.56342.1a  PMID:17417061
    • Moore, S., Montane-Jaime, K., Shafe, S., Joseph, R., Crooks, H., Carr, L. G., Ehlers, C. L. Association of ALDH1 promoter polymorphisms with alcohol-related phenotypes in Trinidad and Tobago Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs  2007 68:192-196  PMID:17286337
    • Ehlers, C. L., Wilhelmsen, K. C. Genomic screen for substance dependence and body mass index in southwest California Indians Genes Brain and Behavior  2007 6:184-191  DOI:10.1111/j.1601-183X.2006.00246.x  PMID:16764678
    • Ehlers, C. L., Slutske, W. S., Gilder, D. A., Lau, P. Age of first marijuana use and the occurrence of marijuana use disorders in Southwest California Indians Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior  2007 86:290-296  DOI:10.1016/j.pbb.2006.07.024  PMID:16930685
    • Ehlers, C. L., Phillips, E. Association of EEG alpha variants and alpha power with alcohol dependence in Mexican American young adults Alcohol  2007 41:13-20  DOI:10.1016/j.alcohol.2007.02.001  PMID:17452295  PMCID:PMC2047338
    • Ehlers, C. L., Montane-Jaime, K., Moore, S., Shafe, S., Joseph, R., Carr, L. G. Association of the ADHIB(*)3 allele with alcohol-related phenotypes in Trinidad Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  2007 31:216-220  DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00298.x  PMID:17250612
    • Ehlers, C. L., Walker, B. M., Pian, J. P., Roth, J. L., Slawecki, C. J. Increased alcohol drinking in isolate-housed alcohol-preferring rats Behavioral Neuroscience  2007 121:111-119  DOI:10.1037/0735-7044.121.1.111  PMID:17324055
    • Ehlers, C. L., Phillips, E., Finnerman, G., Gilder, D., Lau, P., Criado, J. P3 components and adolescent binge drinking in southwest California Indians Neurotoxicology and Teratology  2007 29:153-163  DOI:10.1016/j.ntt.2006.11.013  PMID:17196788
    • Ehlers, C. L., Slutske, W. S., Gilder, D. A., Lau, P., Wilhelmsen, K. C. Age at first intoxication and alcohol use disorders in southwest California Indians Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  2006 30:1856-1865  DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00222.x  PMID:17067349
    • Montane-Jaime, K., Moore, S., Shafe, S., Joseph, R., CrookSa, H., Carr, L., Ehlers, C. L. ADH1C*2 allele is associated with alcohol dependence and elevated liver enzymes in Trinidad and Tobago Alcohol  2006 39:81-86  DOI:10.1016/j.alcohol.2006.08.002  PMID:17134660
    • Ehlers, C. L., Wilhelmsen, K. C. Genomic screen for loci associated with tobacco usage in Mission Indians BMC Medical Genetics  2006 7:9  DOI:10.1186/1471-2350-7-9  PMID:16472381  PMCID:PMC1386651
    • Irwin, M. R., Valladares, E. M., Motivala, S., Thayer, J. F., Ehlers, C. L. Association between nocturnal vagal tone and sleep depth, sleep quality, and fatigue in alcohol dependence Psychosomatic Medicine  2006 68:159-166  DOI:10.1097/01.psy.0000195743.60952.00  PMID:16449427
    • Thorsell, A., Slawecki, C. J., El Khoury, A., Mathe, A. A., Ehlers, C. L. The effects of social isolation on neuropeptide y levels, exploratory and anxiety-related behaviors in rats Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior  2006 83:28-34  DOI:10.1016/j.pbb.2005.12.005  PMID:16458953
    • Slawecki, C. J., Ehlers, C. L. Enhanced prepulse inhibition following adolescent ethanol exposure in Sprague-Dawley rats Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  2005 29:1829-1836  DOI:10.1097/01.alc.0000183024.47167.27  PMID:16269912
    • Slawecki, C. J., Thorsell, A. K., El Khoury, A., Mathe, A. A., Ehlers, C. L. Increased CRF-like and NPY-like immunoreactivity in adult rats exposed to nicotine during adolescence: Relation to anxiety-like and depressive-like behavior Neuropeptides  2005 39:369-377  DOI:10.1016/j.npep.2005.06.002  PMID:16038974
    • Thorsell, A., Slawecki, C. J., Ehlers, C. L. Effects of neuropeptide Y and corticotropin-releasing factor on ethanol intake in Wistar rats: Interaction with chronic ethanol exposure Behavioural Brain Research  2005 161:133-140  DOI:10.1016/j.bbr.2005.01.016  PMID:15904720
    • Thorsell, A., Slawecki, C. J., Khoury, A., Mathe, A. A., Ehlers, C. L. Effect of social isolation on ethanol consumption and substance P/neurokinin expression in Wistar rats Alcohol  2005 36:91-97  DOI:10.1016/j.alchohol.2005.07.003  PMID:16396742
    • Wilhelmsen, K. C., Ehlers, C. Heritability of substance dependence in a Native American population Psychiatric Genetics  2005 15:101-107  DOI:10.1097/00041444-200506000-00006  PMID:15900224
    • Thorsell, A., Slawecki, C. J., Ehlers, C. L. Effects of neuropeptide Y on appetitive and consummatory behaviors associated with alcohol drinking in Wistar rats with a history of ethanol exposure Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  2005 29:584-590  DOI:10.1097/01.alc.0000160084.13148.02  PMID:15834223
    • Ehlers, C. L., Wilhelmsen, K. C. Genomic scan for alcohol craving in Mission Indians Psychiatric Genetics  2005 15:71-75  DOI:10.1097/00041444-200503000-00012  PMID:15722961
    • Slawecki, C. J., Thorsell, A., Ehlers, C. L. Antagonism of neuropeptide YY1 receptors does not inhibit ethanol's effects on cortical EEG and ERPs in wistar rats Journal of Studies on Alcohol  2005 66:559-566  PMID:16240564
    • Slawecki, C. J., Jimenez-Vasquez, P., Mathe, A., Ehlers, C. L. Effect of ethanol on brain neuropeptides in adolescent and adult rats Journal of Studies on Alcohol  2005 66:46-52  PMID:15830902
    • Slawecki, C. J., Purdy, R. H., Ehlers, C. L. Electrophysiological effects of allopregnanolone in rats with a history of ethanol exposure Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  2005 29:66-74  DOI:10.1097/01.alc.0000150002.65988.0a  PMID:15654293
    • Gilder, D. A., Wall, T. L., Ehlers, C. L. Comorbidity of select anxiety and affective disorders with alcohol dependence in southwest California Indians Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  2004 28:1805-1813  DOI:10.1097/01.alc.0000148116.27875.b0  PMID:15608596
    • Ehlers, C. L., Spence, J. P., Wall, T. L., Gilder, D. A., Carr, L. G. Association of ALDH1 promoter polymorphisms with alcohol-related phenotypes in southwest California Indians Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  2004 28:1481-1486  DOI:10.1097/01.alc.0000141821.06062.20  PMID:15597079
    • Slawecki, C. J., Thomas, J. D., Riley, E. P., Ehlers, C. L. Neurophysiologic consequences of neonatal ethanol exposure in the rat Alcohol  2004 34:187-196  DOI:10.1016/j.alcohol.2004.08.008  PMID:15902912
    • Ehlers, C. L., Gilder, D. A., Wall, T. L., Phillips, E., Feiler, H., Wilhelmsen, K. C. Genomic screen for loci associated with alcohol dependence in Mission Indians American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B-Neuropsychiatric Genetics  2004 129B:110-115  DOI:10.1002/ajmg.b.30057  PMID:15274051
    • Irwin, M., Rinetti, G., Redwine, L., Motivala, S., Dang, J., Ehlers, C. Nocturnal proinflammatory cytokine-associated sleep disturbances in abstinent African American alcoholics Brain Behavior and Immunity  2004 18:349-360  DOI:10.1016/j.bbi.2004.02.001  PMID:15157952
    • Ehlers, C. L., Wall, T. L., Betancourt, M., Gilder, D. A. The clinical course of alcoholism in 243 Mission Indians American Journal of Psychiatry  2004 161:1204-1210  DOI:10.1176/appi.ajp.161.7.1204  PMID:15229052
    • Ehlers, C. L., Phillips, E., Schuckit, M. A. EEG alpha variants and alpha power in Hispanic American and white non-Hispanic American young adults with a family history of alcohol dependence Alcohol  2004 33:99-106  DOI:10.1016/j.alcohol.2004.05.003  PMID:15528007
    • Ehlers, C. L., Phillips, E., Wall, T. L., Wilhelmsen, K., Schuckit, M. A. Eeg alpha and level of response to alcohol in hispanic-and non-hispanic-american young adults with a family history of alcoholism Journal of Studies on Alcohol  2004 65:301-308  PMID:15222586
    • Spence, J. P., Liang, T. B., Eriksson, C. J. P., Taylor, R. E., Wall, T. L., Ehlers, C. L., Carr, L. G. Evaluation of aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 promoter polymorphisms identified in human populations Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  2003 27:1389-1394  DOI:10.1097/01.alc.0000087086.50089.59  PMID:14506398
    • Ehlers, C. L., Phillips, E., Sweeny, A., Slawecki, C. J. Event-related potential responses to alcohol-related stimuli in African-American young adults: Relation to family history of alcoholism and drug usage Alcohol and Alcoholism  2003 38:332-338  DOI:10.1093/alcalc/agg080  PMID:12814900
    • Dahl, R. E., Williamson, D. E., Bertocci, M. A., Stolz, M. V., Ryan, N. D., Ehlers, C. L. Spectral analyses of sleep EEG in depressed offspring of fathers with or without a positive history of alcohol abuse or dependence: A pilot study Alcohol  2003 30:193-200  DOI:10.1016/j.alcohol.2003.06.001  PMID:13679113
    • Ehlers, C. L., Phillips, E. EEG low-voltage alpha and alpha power in African American young adults: Relation to family history of alcoholism Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  2003 27:765-772  DOI:10.1097/01.alc.0000065439.09492.67  PMID:12766620
    • Slawecki, C. J., Gilder, A., Roth, J., Ehlers, C. L. Increased anxiety-like behavior in adult rats exposed to nicotine as adolescents Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior  2003 75:355-361  DOI:10.1016/s0091-3057(03)00093-5  PMID:12873627
    • Ehlers, C. L., Carr, L., Betancourt, M., Montane-Jaime, K. Association of the ADH2*3 allele with greater alcohol expectancies in African-American young adults Journal of Studies on Alcohol  2003 64:176-181  PMID:12713190
    • Slawecki, C. J., Ehlers, C. L. The effects of corticotropin-releasing factor on the cortical EEG are reduced following adolescent nicotine exposure Neuropeptides  2003 37:66-73  DOI:10.1016/s0143-4179(03)00006-4  PMID:12637038
    • Slawecki, C. J., Grahame, N. J., Roth, J., Katner, S. N., Ehlers, C. L. EEG and ERP profiles in the high alcohol preferring (HAP) and low alcohol preferring (LAP) mice: Relationship to ethanol preference Brain Research  2003 961:243-254  DOI:10.1016/s0006-8993(02)03959-8  PMID:12531491
    • Wall, T. L., Carr, L. G., Ehlers, C. L. Protective association of genetic variation in alcohol dehydrogenase with alcohol dependence in Native American Mission Indians American Journal of Psychiatry  2003 160:41-46  DOI:10.1176/appi.ajp.160.1.41  PMID:12505800
    • Ehlers, C. L., Somes, C. Long latency event-related potentials in mice: Effects of stimulus characteristics and strain Brain Research  2002 957:117-128  DOI:10.1016/s0006-8993(02)03612-0  PMID:12443987
    • Katner, S. N., Slawecki, C. J., Ehlers, C. L. Neurophysiological profiles of replicate line 2 high-alcohol-drinking (HAD-2) and low-alcohol-drinking (LAD-2) rats Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  2002 26:1669-1677  DOI:10.1097/01.alc.0000036286.55213.d8  PMID:12436055
    • Slawecki, C. J., Ehlers, C. L. Lasting effects of adolescent nicotine exposure on the electroencephalogram, event related potentials, and locomotor activity in the rat Developmental Brain Research  2002 138:15-25  DOI:10.1016/s0165-3806(02)00455-8  PMID:12234654
    • Katner, S. N., Slawecki, C. J., Ehlers, C. L. Neuropeptide Y administration into the amygdala does not affect ethanol consumption Alcohol  2002 28:29-38  DOI:10.1016/s0741-8329(02)00235-5  PMID:12377358
    • Irwin, M., Gillin, J. C., Dang, J., Phillips, E., Ehlers, C. L., Weissman, J. Sleep deprivation as a probe of homeostatic sleep regulation in primary alcoholics Biological Psychiatry  2002 51:632-641  DOI:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01304-x  PMID:11955463
    • Katner, S. N., Slawecki, C. J., Ehlers, C. L. Neuropeptide Y administration into the third ventricle does not increase sucrose or ethanol self-administration but does affect the cortical eeg and increases food intake Psychopharmacology  2002 160:146-154  DOI:10.1007/s00213-001-0950-9  PMID:11875632
    • Gilder, D. A., Wall, T. L., Ehlers, C. L. Psychiatric diagnoses among Mission Indian children with and without a parental history of alcohol dependence Journal of Studies on Alcohol  2002 63:18-23  PMID:11925054
    • Ehlers, C. L., Wall, T. L., Garcia-Andrade, C., Phillips, E. Visual P3 findings in Mission Indian youth: Relationship to family history of alcohol dependence and behavioral problems Psychiatry Research  2001 105:67-78  DOI:10.1016/s0165-1781(01)00313-4  PMID:11740976
    • Ehlers, C. L., Gilder, D. A., Harris, L., Carr, L. Association of the ADH2*3 allele with a negative family history of alcoholism in African American young adults Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  2001 25:1773-1777  DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02189.x  PMID:11781511
    • Jimenez-Vasquez, P. A., Mathe, A. A., Thomas, J. D., Riley, E. P., Ehlers, C. L. Early maternal separation alters neuropeptide Y concentrations in selected brain regions in adult rats Developmental Brain Research  2001 131:149-152  DOI:10.1016/s0165-3806(01)00264-4  PMID:11718845
    • Slawecki, C. J., Jimenez-Vasquez, P., Mathe, A. A., Ehlers, C. L. Substance P and neurokinin levels are decreased in the cortex and hypothalamus of alcohol-preferring (P) rats Journal of Studies on Alcohol  2001 62:736-740  PMID:11838908
    • Ehlers, C. L., Wall, T. L., Garcia-Andrade, C., Phillips, E. Auditory P3 findings in Mission Indian youth Journal of Studies on Alcohol  2001 62:562-570  PMID:11702795
    • Ehlers, C. L., Wall, T. L., Garcia-Andrade, C., Phillips, E. EEG asymmetry: Relationship to mood and risk for alcoholism in Mission Indian youth Biological Psychiatry  2001 50:129-136  DOI:10.1016/s0006-3223(01)01132-5  PMID:11526994
    • Slawecki, C. J., Betancourt, M., Cole, M., Ehlers, C. L. Periadolescent alcohol exposure has lasting effects on adult neurophysiological function in rats Developmental Brain Research  2001 128:63-72  DOI:10.1016/s0165-3806(01)00150-x  PMID:11356263
    • Ehlers, C. L., Wall, T. L., Garcia-Andrade, C., Phillips, E. Effects of age and parental history of alcoholism on EEG findings in Mission Indian children and adolescents Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  2001 25:672-679  DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2001.tb02266.x  PMID:11371716
    • Slawecki, C. J., Betancourt, M., Li, T. K., Ehlers, C. L. Neurophysiological findings and drinking levels in high-alcohol-drinking (HAD) and low-alcohol-drinking (LAD) rats Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  2000 24:1492-1499  DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2000.tb04566.x  PMID:11045856
    • Slawecki, C. J., Purdy, R. H., Li, T. K., Walpole, T., Ehlers, C. L. Effects of allopregnanolone on the eeg of alcohol-preferring and alcohol-nonpreferring rats Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  2000 24:1369-1375  DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2000.tb02105.x  PMID:11003202
    • Thomas, J. D., Garrison, M. E., Slawecki, C. J., Ehlers, C. L., Riley, E. P. Nicotine exposure during the neonatal brain growth spurt produces hyperactivity in preweanling rats Neurotoxicology and Teratology  2000 22:695-701  DOI:10.1016/s0892-0362(00)00096-9  PMID:11106862
    • Slawecki, C. J., Betancourt, M., Walpole, T., Ehlers, C. L. Increases in sucrose consumption, but not ethanol consumption, following ICV NPY administration Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior  2000 66:591-594  DOI:10.1016/s0091-3057(00)00215-x  PMID:10899375
    • Slawecki, C. J., Walpole, T., Purdy, R. H., Ehlers, C. L. Comparison of the neurophysiological effects of allopregnanolone and ethanol in rats Psychopharmacology  2000 149:351-359  DOI:10.1007/s002139900365  PMID:10867962
    • Slawecki, C. J., Thomas, J. D., Riley, E. P., Ehlers, C. L. Neonatal nicotine exposure alters hippocampal EEG and event-related potentials (ERPs) in rats Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior  2000 65:711-718  DOI:10.1016/s0091-3057(99)00258-0  PMID:10764927
    • Ehlers, C. L., Slawecki, C. J. Effects of chronic ethanol exposure on sleep in rats Alcohol  2000 20:173-179  DOI:10.1016/s0741-8329(99)00077-4  PMID:10719796
    • Slawecki, C. J., Somes, C., Ehlers, C. L. Effects of prolonged ethanol exposure on neurophysiological measures during an associative learning paradigm Drug and Alcohol Dependence  2000 58:125-132  DOI:10.1016/s0376-8716(99)00072-1  PMID:10669063
    • Wall, T. L., Garcia-Andrade, C., Wong, V., Lau, P., Ehlers, C. L. Parental history of alcoholism and problem behaviors in Native-American children and adolescents Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  2000 24:30-34  DOI:10.1097/00000374-200001000-00005  PMID:10656189
    • Ehlers, C. L., Somes, C., Li, T. K., Lumeng, L., Hwang, B. H., Jimenez, P., Mathe, A. A. Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) levels and alcohol International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology  1999 2:173-179  DOI:10.1017/s1461145799001558  PMID:112819
    • Ehlers, C. L., Somes, C., Lumeng, L., Li, T. K. Electrophysiological response to neuropeptide Y (NPY): In alcohol-naive preferring and non-preferring rats Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior  1999 63:291-299  DOI:10.1016/s0091-3057(99)00012-x  PMID:10371659
    • Hwang, B. H., Zhang, J. K., Ehlers, C. L., Lumeng, L., Li, T. K. Innate differences of neuropeptide Y (NPY) in hypothalamic nuclei and central nucleus of the amygdala between selectively bred rats with high and low alcohol preference Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  1999 23:1023-1030  DOI:10.1097/00000374-199906000-00009  PMID:10397286
    • Slawecki, C. J., Walpole, T., Somes, C., Li, T. K., Ehlers, C. L. Differences in neurophysiological indices of associative learning in alcohol-preferring and nonpreferring rats Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  1999 23:828-834  DOI:10.1097/00000374-199905000-00010  PMID:10371402
    • Slawecki, C. J., Somes, C., Ehlers, C. L. Effects of chronic ethanol exposure on neurophysiological responses to corticotropin-releasing factor and neuropeptide Y Alcohol and Alcoholism  1999 34:289-299  DOI:10.1093/alcalc/34.3.289  PMID:10414603
    • Orozco, S., Wall, T. L., Ehlers, C. L. Influence of alcohol on electrophysiological responses to facial stimuli Alcohol  1999 18:11-16  DOI:10.1016/s0741-8329(98)00061-5  PMID:10386659
    • Ehlers, C. L., Garcia-Andrade, C., Wall, T. L., Cloutier, D., Phillips, E. Electroencephalographic responses to alcohol challenge in Native American Mission Indians Biological Psychiatry  1999 45:776-787  DOI:10.1016/s0006-3223(98)00113-9  PMID:10188009
    • Slawecki, C. J., Somes, C., Rivier, J. E., Ehlers, C. L. Neurophysiological effects of intracerebroventricular administration of urocortin Peptides  1999 20:211-218  DOI:10.1016/s0196-9781(98)00160-0  PMID:10422877
    • Ehlers, C. L., Somes, C., Li, T. K., Lumeng, L., Kinkead, B., Owens, M. J., Nemeroff, C. B. Neurotensin studies in alcohol naive, preferring and non-preferring rats Neuroscience  1999 93:227-236  DOI:10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00113-x  PMID:10430486
    • Ehlers, C. L., Li, T. K., Lumeng, L., Hwang, B. H., Somes, C., Jimenez, P., Mathe, A. A. Neuropeptide Y levels in ethanol-naive, alcohol-preferring, and nonpreferring rats and in Wistar rats after ethanol exposure Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  1998 22:1778-1782  DOI:10.1097/00000374-199811000-00022  PMID:9835294
    • Ehlers, C. L., Havstad, J., Prichard, D., Theiler, J. Low doses of ethanol reduce evidence for nonlinear structure in brain activity Journal of Neuroscience  1998 18:7474-7486  PMID:9736666
    • Ehlers, C. L., Somes, C., Cloutier, D. Are some of the effects of ethanol mediated through npy? Psychopharmacology  1998 139:136-144  DOI:10.1007/s002130050698  PMID:9768551
    • Orozco, S., Ehlers, C. L. Gender differences in electrophysiological responses to facial stimuli Biological Psychiatry  1998 44:281-289  DOI:10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00487-3  PMID:9715360
    • Seifritz, E., Klemfuss, H., Montes, J. M., Britton, K. T., Ehlers, C. L. Effects of corticotropin-releasing factor on circadian locomotor rhythm in the golden hamster Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior  1998 60:855-862  DOI:10.1016/s0091-3057(98)00065-3  PMID:9700969
    • Ehlers, C. L., Garcia-Andrade, C., Wall, T. L., Sobel, D. F., Phillips, E. Determinants of P3 amplitude and response to alcohol in Native American Mission Indians Neuropsychopharmacology  1998 18:282-292  PMID:95094
    • Ehlers, C. L., Kupfer, D. J., Buysse, D. J., Cluss, P. A., Miewald, J. M., Bisson, E. F., Grochocinski, V. J. The Pittsburgh study of normal sleep in young adults: Focus on the relationship between waking and sleeping EEG spectral patterns Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology  1998 106:199-205  DOI:10.1016/s0013-4694(97)00130-2  PMID:9743277
    • Ehlers, C. L., Somes, C., Lopez, A. L., Robledo, P. Long latency event-related potentials in rats: Response of amygdala, nucleus accumbens, dorsal hippocampus and frontal cortex to changes in reward characteristics of conditioned stimuli Brain Research  1998 780:138-142  DOI:10.1016/s0006-8993(97)01294-8  PMID:9473634
    • Robledo, P., Somes, C., Winkler, J., Thal, L. J., Ehlers, C. L. Long latency event-related potentials in rats: Effects of nucleus basalis magnocellularis lesions International Journal of Neuroscience  1998 96:23-44
    • Ehlers, C. L., Somes, C., Thomas, J., Riley, E. P. Effects of neonatal exposure to nicotine on electrophysiological parameters in adult rats Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior  1997 58:713-720  DOI:10.1016/s0091-3057(97)90011-3  PMID:9329064
    • Wall, T. L., Peterson, C. M., Peterson, K. P., Johnson, M. L., Thomasson, H. R., Cole, M., Ehlers, C. L. Alcohol metabolism in Asian-American men with genetic polymorphisms of aldehyde dehydrogenase Annals of Internal Medicine  1997 127:376-379  DOI:10.7326/0003-4819-127-5-199709010-00007  PMID:9273829
    • Ehlers, C. L., Kupfer, D. J. Slow-wave sleep: Do young adult men and women age differently? Journal of Sleep Research  1997 6:211-215  DOI:10.1046/j.1365-2869.1997.00041.x  PMID:9358400
    • Ehlers, C. L., Somes, C., Lopez, A., Kirby, D., Rivier, J. E. Electrophysiological actions of neuropeptide Y and its analogs: New measures for anxiolytic therapy? Neuropsychopharmacology  1997 17:34-43  PMID:919404
    • GarciaAndrade, C., Wall, T. L., Ehlers, C. L. The firewater myth and response to alcohol in Mission Indians American Journal of Psychiatry  1997 154:983-988  PMID:9210750
    • Wall, T. L., GarciaAndrade, C., Thomasson, H. R., Carr, L. G., Ehlers, C. L. Alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphisms in native americans: Identification of the adh2*3 allele Alcohol and Alcoholism  1997 32:129-132  PMID:9105506
    • GraciaAndrade, C., Wall, T. L., Ehlers, C. L. Alcohol expectancies in a Native American population Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  1996 20:1438-1442  PMID:8947322
    • Wall, T. L., GarciaAndrade, C., Thomasson, H. R., Cole, M., Ehlers, C. L. Alcohol elimination in Native American Mission Indians: An investigation of interindividual variation Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  1996 20:1159-1164  DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01105.x  PMID:8904964
    • Wall, T. L., Thomasson, H. R., Ehlers, C. L. Investigator-observed alcohol-induced flushing but not self-report of flushing is a valid predictor of ALDH2 genotype Journal of Studies on Alcohol  1996 57:267-272  PMID:8709585
    • Ehlers, C. L., Phillips, E., Parry, B. L. Electrophysiological findings during the menstrual cycle in women with and without late luteal phase dysphoric disorder: Relationship to risk for alcoholism? Biological Psychiatry  1996 39:720-732  DOI:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00183-2  PMID:8731460
    • Kaneko, W. M., Ehlers, C. L., Philips, E. L., Riley, E. P. Auditory event-related potentials in fetal alcohol syndrome and Down's syndrome children Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  1996 20:35-42  DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1996.tb01040.x  PMID:8651459
    • Ehlers, C. L., Havstad, J. W., Kupfer, D. J. Estimation of the time course of slow-wave sleep over the night in depressed patients: Effects of clomipramine and clinical response Biological Psychiatry  1996 39:171-181  DOI:10.1016/0006-3223(95)00139-5  PMID:8837978
    • Kaneko, W. M., Phillips, E. L., Riley, E. P., Ehlers, C. L. EEG findings in fetal alcohol syndrome and Down syndrome children Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology  1996 98:20-28  DOI:10.1016/0013-4694(95)00189-1  PMID:8689990
    • Parry, B. L., Ehlers, C. L., Mostofi, N., Phillips, E. Personality traits in LLPDD and normal controls during follicular and luteal menstrual-cycle phases Psychological Medicine  1996 26:197-202  PMID:8643759
    • Ehlers, C. L. Chaos and complexity - can it help us to understand mood and behavior Archives of General Psychiatry  1995 52:960-964  PMID:7487344
    • Ehlers, C. L., Havstad, J. W., Schuckit, M. A. EEG dimension in sons of alcoholics Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  1995 19:992-998  DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1995.tb00979.x  PMID:7485851
    • Wall, T. L., Ehlers, C. L. Acute effects of alcohol on P300 in Asians with different ALDH2 genotypes Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  1995 19:617-622  DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1995.tb01557.x  PMID:7573783
    • Robledo, P., Kaneko, W. M., Ehlers, C. L. Effects of neurotensin on EEG and event-related potentials in the rat Psychopharmacology  1995 118:410-418  DOI:10.1007/bf02245941  PMID:7568627
    • Ehlers, C. L., Kaneko, W. M., Robledo, P., Lopez, A. L. Long-latency event-related potentials in rats - effects of task and stimulus parameters Neuroscience  1994 62:759-769  DOI:10.1016/0306-4522(94)90474-x  PMID:7870304
    • Kupfer, D. J., Ehlers, C. L., Frank, E., Grochocinski, V. J., McEachran, A. B., Buhari, A. Persistent effects of antidepressants - EEG sleep studies in depressed-patients during maintenance treatment Biological Psychiatry  1994 35:781-793  DOI:10.1016/0006-3223(94)91140-1  PMID:8043708
    • Mattson, S. N., Riley, E. P., Jernigan, T. L., Garcia, A., Kaneko, W. M., Ehlers, C. L., Jones, K. L. A decrease in the size of the basal ganglia following prenatal alcohol exposure - a preliminary-report Neurotoxicology and Teratology  1994 16:283-289  DOI:10.1016/0892-0362(94)90050-7  PMID:7935262
    • Robledo, P., Lumeng, L., Li, T. K., Ehlers, C. L. Effects of MK-801 and diazepam on the EEG of P and NP rats Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  1994 18:363-368  DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1994.tb00026.x  PMID:8048739
    • Wall, T. L., Nemeroff, C. B., Ritchie, J. C., Ehlers, C. L. Cortisol responses following placebo and alcohol in Asians with different ALDH2 genotypes Journal of Studies on Alcohol  1994 55:207-213  PMID:8189741
    • Mungas, D., Ehlers, C. L., Wall, T. L. Effects of acute alcohol administration on verbal and spatial-learning Alcohol and Alcoholism  1994 29:163-169  PMID:8080597
    • Robledo, P., Lumeng, L., Li, T. K., Ehlers, C. L. Effects of oral ethanol self-administration on the eeg of alcohol-preferring and alcohol-nonpreferring rats Psychopharmacology  1993 113:60-66  DOI:10.1007/bf02244335  PMID:7862830
    • Kupfer, D. J., Ehlers, C. L., Frank, E., Grochocinski, V. J., McEachran, A. N., Buhari, A. Electroencephalographic sleep studies in depressed-patients during long-term recovery Psychiatry Research  1993 49:121-138  DOI:10.1016/0165-1781(93)90100-u  PMID:8153187
    • Robledo, P., Kaneko, W. M., Ehlers, C. L. The effects of acute cocaine administration on auditory event-related potentials in rats Neuroscience Letters  1993 160:4-8  DOI:10.1016/0304-3940(93)90903-x  PMID:8247330
    • Wall, T. L., Gallen, C. C., Ehlers, C. L. Effects of alcohol on the EEG in Asian men with genetic variations of ALDH2 Biological Psychiatry  1993 34:91-99  DOI:10.1016/0006-3223(93)90261-b  PMID:8373942
    • Ehlers, C. L., Kaneko, W. M., Owens, M. J., Nemeroff, C. B. Effects of gender and social-isolation on electroencephalogram and neuroendocrine parameters in rats Biological Psychiatry  1993 33:358-366  DOI:10.1016/0006-3223(93)90325-8  PMID:8471694
    • Kaneko, W. M., Riley, E. P., Ehlers, C. L. Electrophysiological and behavioral findings in rats prenatally exposed to alcohol Alcohol  1993 10:169-178  DOI:10.1016/0741-8329(93)90099-a  PMID:8442896
    • Ehlers, C. L., Chaplin, R. I., Kaneko, W. M. Effects of chronic corticosterone treatment on electrophysiological and behavioral measures in the rat Psychoneuroendocrinology  1992 17:691-699  DOI:10.1016/0306-4530(92)90028-6  PMID:12876
    • Mattson, S. N., Riley, E. P., Jernigan, T. L., Ehlers, C. L., Delis, D. C., Jones, K. L., Stern, C., Johnson, K. A., Hesselink, J. R., Bellugi, U. Fetal alcohol syndrome - a case-report of neuropsychological, MRI, and EEG assessment of two children Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  1992 16:1001-1003  DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1992.tb01909.x  PMID:1443415
    • Wall, T. L., Thomasson, H. R., Schuckit, M. A., Ehlers, C. L. Subjective feelings of alcohol-intoxication in Asians with genetic variations of ALDH2 alleles Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  1992 16:991-995  DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1992.tb01907.x  PMID:1443441
    • Vargas, M. A., Bissette, G., Owens, M. J., Ehlers, C. L., Nemeroff, C. B. Effects of chronic ethanol and benzodiazepine treatment and withdrawal on corticotropin-releasing factor neural systems Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences  1992 654:145-152  DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb25963.x  PMID:1632579
    • Ehlers, C. L., Kaneko, W. M., Wall, T. L., Chaplin, R. I. Effects of dizocilpine (MK-801) and ethanol on the EEG and event-related potentials (ERPS) in rats Neuropharmacology  1992 31:369-378  DOI:10.1016/0028-3908(92)90069-2  PMID:1522954
    • Buysse, D. J., Kupfer, D. J., Frank, E., Monk, T. H., Ritenour, A., Ehlers, C. L. Electroencephalographic sleep studies in depressed outpatients treated with interpersonal psychotherapy .1. Base-line studies in responders and nonresponders Psychiatry Research  1992 42:13-26  DOI:10.1016/0165-1781(92)90035-2  PMID:1603878
    • Ehlers, C. L., Chaplin, R. I., Wall, T. L., Lumeng, L., Li, T. K., Owens, M. J., Nemeroff, C. B. Corticotropin releasing-factor (CRF) - studies in alcohol preferring and nonpreferring rats Psychopharmacology  1992 106:359-364  DOI:10.1007/bf02245418  PMID:1570383
    • Kupfer, D. J., Jarrett, D. B., Ehlers, C. L. The effect of SRIF on the EEG sleep of normal men Psychoneuroendocrinology  1992 17:37-43  DOI:10.1016/0306-4530(92)90074-h  PMID:1351686
    • Ehlers, C. L., Chaplin, R. I. Long latency event related potentials in rats - the effects of changes in stimulus parameters and neurochemical lesions Journal of Neural Transmission-General Section  1992 88:61-75  DOI:10.1007/bf01245037  PMID:1575954
    • Ehlers, C. L., Havstad, J. W., Garfinkel, A., Kupfer, D. J. Nonlinear-analysis of EEG sleep states Neuropsychopharmacology  1991 5:167-176  PMID:175593
    • Kupfer, D. J., Ehlers, C. L., Frank, E., Grochocinski, V. J., McEachran, A. B. EEG sleep profiles and recurrent depression Biological Psychiatry  1991 30:641-655  DOI:10.1016/0006-3223(91)90010-j  PMID:1958764
    • Ehlers, C. L., Chaplin, R. I., Lumeng, L., Li, T. K. Electrophysiological response to ethanol in P-rats and NP-rats Alcoholism-Clinical and Experimental Research  1991 15:739-744  DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1991.tb00590.x  PMID:1928653
    • Robledo, P., Kaneko, W., Ehlers, C. L. Combined effects of ethanol and MK-801 on locomotor-activity in the rat Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior  1991 39:513-516  DOI:10.1016/0091-3057(91)90218-q  PMID:1835099
    • Ehlers, C. L., Schuckit, M. A. Evaluation of EEG alpha-activity in sons of alcoholics Neuropsychopharmacology  1991 4:199-205  PMID:206471
    • Ehlers, C. L., Wall, T. L., Chaplin, R. I. Long latency event-related potentials in rats - effects of dopaminergic and serotonergic depletions Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior  1991 38:789-793  DOI:10.1016/0091-3057(91)90243-u  PMID:1831273
    • Kupfer, D. J., Jarrett, D. B., Ehlers, C. L. The effect of GRF on the EEG sleep of normal males Sleep  1991 14:87-88  PMID:1687426
    • Ehlers, C. L., Chaplin, R. I. Eeg and erp response to chronic ethanol exposure in rats Psychopharmacology  1991 104:67-74  DOI:10.1007/bf02244556  PMID:1882006
    • Wall, T. L., Schuckit, M. A., Mungas, D., Ehlers, C. L. EEG alpha-activity and personality-traits Alcohol  1990 7:461-464  DOI:10.1016/0741-8329(90)90032-8  PMID:2222849
    • Ehlers, C. L., Chaplin, R. I., Koob, G. F. EEG effects of RO-15-4513 and FG-7142 alone and in combination with ethanol Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior  1990 36:607-611  DOI:10.1016/0091-3057(90)90263-h  PMID:2165619
    • Ehlers, C. L., Schuckit, M. A. EEG fast frequency activity in the sons of alcoholics Biological Psychiatry  1990 27:631-641  DOI:10.1016/0006-3223(90)90531-6  PMID:2322623
    • Melia, K. F., Koob, G. F., Ehlers, C. L. Ethanol effects on delayed spatial matching as modeled by a negative exponential forgetting function Psychopharmacology  1990 102:391-398  DOI:10.1007/bf02244109  PMID:2251335
    • Kupfer, D. J., Ehlers, C. L., Pollock, B. G., Nathan, R. S., Perel, J. M. Clomipramine and EEG sleep in depression Psychiatry Research  1989 30:165-180  DOI:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90158-3  PMID:2694201
    • Ehlers, C. L., Wall, T. L., Schuckit, M. A. EEG spectral characteristics following ethanol administration in young men Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology  1989 73:179-187  DOI:10.1016/0013-4694(89)90118-1  PMID:2475322
    • Melia, K. F., Ehlers, C. L. Signal-detection analysis of ethanol effects on a complex conditional discrimination Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior  1989 33:581-584  DOI:10.1016/0091-3057(89)90391-2  PMID:2587600
    • Ehlers, C. L., Kupfer, D. J. Effects of age on delta and REM-sleep parameters Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology  1989 72:118-125  DOI:10.1016/0013-4694(89)90172-7  PMID:2464482
    • Havstad, J. W., Ehlers, C. L. Attractor dimension of nonstationary dynamical-systems from small data sets Physical Review A  1989 39:845-853  DOI:10.1103/PhysRevA.39.845  PMID:9901311
    • Kupfer, D. J., Reynolds, C. F., Ehlers, C. L. Comparison of EEG sleep measures among depressive subtypes and controls in older individuals Psychiatry Research  1989 27:13-21  DOI:10.1016/0165-1781(89)90004-8  PMID:2922441
    • Ehlers, C. L. EEG and ERP responses to naloxone and ethanol in monkeys Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry  1989 13:217-228  DOI:10.1016/0278-5846(89)90019-5  PMID:2748862
    • Kupfer, D. J., Frank, E., Ehlers, C. L. EEG sleep in young depressives - first and second night effects Biological Psychiatry  1989 25:87-97  DOI:10.1016/0006-3223(89)90150-9  PMID:2912511
    • Kupfer, D. J., Ehlers, C. L. Two roads to rapid eye movement latency Archives of General Psychiatry  1989 46:945-948  DOI:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810100087016  PMID:2679484
    • Ehlers, C. L. ERP responses to ethanol and diazepam administration in squirrel-monkeys Alcohol  1988 5:315-320  DOI:10.1016/0741-8329(88)90072-9  PMID:3228483
    • Britton, K. T., Ehlers, C. L., Koob, G. F. Is ethanol antagonist Ro15-4513 selective for ethanol Science  1988 239:648-649  DOI:10.1126/science.3340849  PMID:3340849
    • Ehlers, C. L., Schuckit, M. A. EEG response to ethanol in sons of alcoholics Psychopharmacology Bulletin  1988 24:434-437  PMID:3153504
    • Ehlers, C. L., Chaplin, R. I. Chronic ethanol exposure potentiates the locomotor-activating effects of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) in rats Regulatory Peptides  1987 19:345-353  DOI:10.1016/0167-0115(87)90176-5  PMID:3501867
    • Ehlers, C. L., Chaplin, R. I., Koob, G. F. Antidepressants modulate the CNS effects of corticotropin releasing-factor in rats Medical Science Research-Biochemistry  1987 15:719-720
    • Ehlers, C. L., Kupfer, D. J. Hypothalamic peptide modulation of EEG sleep in depression - a further application of the S-process hypothesis Biological Psychiatry  1987 22:513-517  DOI:10.1016/0006-3223(87)90173-9  PMID:3032289
    • Ehlers, C. L., Reed, T. K. Ethanol effects on EEG spectra in monkeys - comparison to morphine and diazepam Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology  1987 66:317-321  DOI:10.1016/0013-4694(87)90081-2  PMID:2434316
    • Polich, J., Ehlers, C. L., Dalessio, D. J. Pattern-shift visual evoked-responses and EEG in migraine Headache  1986 26:451-456  DOI:10.1111/j.1526-4610.1986.hed2609451.x  PMID:3781832
    • Wehrenberg, W. B., Ehlers, C. L. Effects of growth-hormone releasing-factor in the brain Science  1986 232:1271-1272  DOI:10.1126/science.3085220  PMID:3085220
    • Melia, K. F., Ehlers, C. L., Lebrun, C. J., Koob, G. F. Post-learning ethanol effects on a water-finding task in rats Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior  1986 24:1813-1815  DOI:10.1016/0091-3057(86)90528-9  PMID:3737649
    • Ehlers, C. L., Reed, T. K., Henriksen, S. J. Effects of corticotropin-releasing factor and growth hormone-releasing factor on sleep and activity in rats Neuroendocrinology  1986 42:467-474  DOI:10.1159/000124489  PMID:3084988
    • Polich, J., Ehlers, C. L., Otis, S., Mandell, A. J., Bloom, F. E. P300 latency reflects the degree of cognitive decline in dementing illness Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology  1986 63:138-144  DOI:10.1016/0013-4694(86)90007-6  PMID:2417814
    • Ehlers, C. L., Lopez, A., Chaplin, R. I. Chronic lithium and desmethylimipramine modulation of locomotor response to growth-hormone releasing-factor Psychopharmacology Bulletin  1986 22:991-994
    • Ehlers, C. L. EEG stability following corticotropin releasing-factor in rats Psychoneuroendocrinology  1986 11:121-125  DOI:10.1016/0306-4530(86)90039-9  PMID:348643
    • Ehlers, C. L., Reed, T. K., Wang, M., Lebrun, C. J., Koob, G. F. EEG effects of subcutaneous and intracerebroventricular injections of arginine vasopressin in the rat Psychopharmacology  1985 87:430-433  DOI:10.1007/bf00432508  PMID:3936102
    • Ehlers, C. L., Koob, G. F. Locomotor behavior following kindling in three different brain sites Brain Research  1985 326:71-79  DOI:10.1016/0006-8993(85)91385-x  PMID:3971150
    • Ehlers, C. L., Koob, G. F. The effects of chronic lithium on the EEG and locomotor response to drug challenge in rats Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry  1985 9:133-142  DOI:10.1016/0278-5846(85)90075-2  PMID:4001429
    • Mungas, D., Ehlers, C., Walton, N., McCutchen, C. B. Verbal-learning differences in epileptic patients with left and right temporal-lobe foci Epilepsia  1985 26:340-345  DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1985.tb05660.x  PMID:4006893
    • Ehlers, C. L., Walton, N. Y., Floyd, R. A., Wang, M., McCutchen, C. B. EEG spectra following phenytoin infusion in seizure patients Clinical Electroencephalography  1984 15:173-177  PMID:6467631
    • Ehlers, C. L., Foote, S. L. Ultradian periodicities in EEG and behavior in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus) American Journal of Primatology  1984 7:381-389  DOI:10.1002/ajp.1350070407
    • Schwartz, J. M., Ehlers, C. L., Detmer, W. M., Bloom, F. E. Amygdala kindling after ligation of the middle cerebral-artery in the rat Experimental Neurology  1983 80:484-490  DOI:10.1016/0014-4886(83)90300-x  PMID:6840252
    • Ehlers, C. L., Russo, P. V., Mandell, A. J., Bloom, F. E. Architecture of rat nocturnal locomotion - a predictive descriptor of the effects of anti-depressant and antimanic treatments Psychopharmacology Bulletin  1983 19:692-695
    • Ehlers, C. L., Henriksen, S. J., Wang, M., Rivier, J., Vale, W., Bloom, F. E. Corticotropin releasing-factor produces increases in brain excitability and convulsive seizures in rats Brain Research  1983 278:332-336  DOI:10.1016/0006-8993(83)90266-4  PMID:6605787
    • Atkinson, J. H., Kremer, E. F., Risch, S. C., Morgan, C. D., Azad, R. F., Ehlers, C. L., Bloom, F. E. Plasma measures of beta-endorphin beta-lipotropin-like immunoreactivity in chronic pain syndrome and psychiatric subjects Psychiatry Research  1983 9:319-327  DOI:10.1016/0165-1781(83)90005-7  PMID:6316390
    • Ehlers, C. L., Indik, J. H., Koob, G. F., Bloom, F. E. The effect of single and repeated electroconvulsive shock (ECS) on locomotor-activity in rats Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry  1983 7:217-222  DOI:10.1016/0278-5846(83)90110-0  PMID:6684316
    • Ehlers, C. L., Koob, G. F., Bloom, F. E. Post-ictal locomotor-activity in 3 different rat models of epilepsy Brain Research  1982 250:178-182  DOI:10.1016/0006-8993(82)90966-0  PMID:7139314
    • Ehlers, C. L., Killam, E. K. The effects of constant light on EEG and seizure activity in the epileptic baboon Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology  1982 54:187-193  DOI:10.1016/0013-4694(82)90160-2  PMID:6179743
    • Ehlers, C. L., Henriksen, S. J., Bloom, F. E. Levonantradol potentiates the anticonvulsant effects of diazepam and valproic acid in the kindling model of epilepsy Journal of Clinical Pharmacology  1981 21:S406-S412
    • Ehlers, C. L., Clifton, D. K., Sawyer, C. H. Amygdala kindling during pregnancy in the rat Physiology & Behavior  1980 25:599-601  DOI:10.1016/0031-9384(80)90128-6  PMID:7208656
    • Ehlers, C. L., Killam, E. K. Circadian periodicity of brain activity and urinary-excretion in the epileptic baboon American Journal of Physiology  1980 239:R35-R41  PMID:6772040
    • Ehlers, C. L., Mulbry, L. W., Killam, E. K. EEG and anticonvulsant effects of dipropylacetic acid and dipropylacetamide in the baboon Papio-papio Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology  1980 49:391-400  DOI:10.1016/0013-4694(80)90235-7  PMID:6158417
    • Rabii, J., Ehlers, C., Clifton, D., Sawyer, C. H. Effects of intraventricular infusions of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) on pituitary LH-release and ovulation in the rabbit Neuroendocrinology  1980 30:362-368  DOI:10.1159/000123035  PMID:7383275
    • Ehlers, C. L., Clifton, D. K., Sawyer, C. H. Facilitation of amygdala kindling in the rat by transecting ascending noradrenergic pathways Brain Research  1980 189:274-278  DOI:10.1016/0006-8993(80)90028-1  PMID:7363094
    • Ehlers, C. L., Killam, E. K. The influence of cortisone on EEG and seizure activity in the baboon Papio-papio Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology  1979 47:404-410  DOI:10.1016/0013-4694(79)90156-1  PMID:89944
    • Ehlers, C. L., Killam, E. K. Influence of cortisone on seizure activity in Papio-papio model of epilepsy Proceedings of the Western Pharmacology Society  1977 20:51-55  PMID:408824
    • Burger, R. E., Coleridge, J. C. G., Coleridge, H. M., Nye, P. C. G., Powell, F. L., Ehlers, C., Banzett, R. B. Chemoreceptors in paleopulmonic lung of emu - discharge patterns during cyclic ventilation Respiration Physiology  1976 28:249-259  DOI:10.1016/0034-5687(76)90043-8  PMID:1013516
    • Burger, R. E., Nye, P. C. G., Powell, F. L., Ehlers, C., Barker, M., Fedde, M. R. Response to CO2 of intrapulmonary chemoreceptors in emu Respiration Physiology  1976 28:315-324  DOI:10.1016/0034-5687(76)90026-8  PMID:1019429
  • chapter

    • Robinson, D. L., Amodeo, L. R., Chandler, L. J., Crews, F. T., Ehlers, C. L., Gomez-A, A., Healey, K. L., Kuhn, C. M., Macht, V. A., Marshall, S. A., Swartzwelder, H. S., Varlinskaya, E. I., et al. The role of sex in the persistent effects of adolescent alcohol exposure on behavior and neurobiology in rodents Effects of Peri-Adolescent Licit and Illicit Drug Use on the Developing Cns, Pt I. 305-340. 2021  DOI:10.1016/bs.irn.2021.07.007

featured in

  • Scientist Wins $3.6 Million NIH MERIT Award to Study Alcoholism in Native Americans  Newsletter
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Research

research overview

  • Understanding Genetic Risk and Protective Factors for Alcoholism in Native, African and Hispanic Americans

    Our laboratory has been studying natural variation in the genes that encode the structure of the enzymes that metabolize alcohol between ethnic groups and conducting genome-wide scans for other genes that influence the development of alcoholism. The goal of our studies is to identify candidate genes that encode for the neurophysiological processes that underlie drug dependence. Genetic information is combined with data on clinical course and environmental risk factors with the aim of: describing the etiology of substance dependence; and developing prevention and intervention programs appropriate to the different ethnic groups.

    A second thrust of our laboratory involves the investigation of the toxic effects of alcohol on the developing fetal and adolescent brain.

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Background

education and training

  • Ph.D. in Physiology, University of California, Davis , minor in Pharmacology 1977
  • B.S. in Physiology, University of California, Davis 1973
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Contact

full name

  • Cindy L. Ehlers

geographic location

  • Scripps California 

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